Response and Regulation (NEW)

Question 1

What are sense organs?

Answer 1

They CONTAIN receptor cells, which detect specific stimuli and and then relay this information as electrical impulses along neurones to the central nervous system to coordinate a response

Question 2

What does the Central Nervous System consist of?

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

What is in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM?

Answer 3

brain and spinal cord

Question 4

What is in the Nervous System?

Answer 4

the brain, spinal cord and nerves

Question 5

What are properties of reflex actions?

Answer 5

Fast, automatic and protective

Question 6

How does information move from the receptors to the effector in the nervous system?

Answer 6

Receptor ➟ Through sensory neurones ➟ Relay Neurones in spinal cord ➟ Through Motor Neurones ➟ Effector

Question 7

What is a sclera?

Answer 7

Protective, tough white outer coat of the eye

Question 8

What is a Cornea?

Answer 8

• Allows light into eye

- refracts light

Question 9

What is an iris?

Answer 9

Coloured part of eye

Contains muscles that alter the size of the pupil to CONTROL the amount of light entering the eye

Question 10

What is a pupil?

Answer 10

Hole in the centre of eye which lets light enter the eye

Question 11

What is lens?

Answer 11

changes shape to focus light on retina

Question 12

What is choroid?

Answer 12

• pigmented layer-
• which absorbs light to prevent reflection.
• prevents light being detected several times
• Also contains blood vessels

Question 13

What is a retina?

Answer 13

Light sensitive layer (photoreceptor cells) that detect light.

Question 14

What is a net blind spot?

Answer 14

Where the optic nerve leaves the eye. There are no light sensitive cells here

Question 15

What is an optic nerve?

Answer 15

Carries electrical impulses from retina to brain

Question 16

What factors does your body need to keep constant?

Answer 16

• temperature
• Ph
• water
• blood glucose conc

Question 17

Why does your body need to regulate normal conditions?

Answer 17

• as our chemical reactions are controlled by catalysts called enzymes
• changes in conditions may slow down or even stop enzymes working and thus disrupting vital chemical reactions (metabolisms)

Question 18

What are hormones?

Answer 18

a chemical messengers, carried by the blood, which control many body functions
( a protein)

Question 19

Why do we need to keep blood glucose levels within a constant level?

Answer 19

• if present in high concentrations it can damage cells

- glucose is needed for cells for respiration

Question 20

What does your body do when blood glucose RISES?

Answer 20

• pancreas produces the hormone, insulin into the blood
• insulin travels to LIVER
• liver turns glucose into INSOLUBLE glycogen for storage
• this reduces level of glucose in blood

Question 21

What is diabetes?

Answer 21

a condition where you are unable to control your own blood glucose levels

Question 22

What is TYPE 1 Diabetes?

Answer 22

the body does not produce insulin

Question 23

What is TYPE 2 diabetes?

Answer 23

• the pancreas still produces some insulin

- the body cells do not respond to the chemical signal from insulin

Question 24

What are some treatments for diabeties?

Answer 24

• Injecting insulin
• pancreas transplants
• low sugar/ carbohydrates diet

Question 25

What it the CAUSE of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 25

damage to the beta cells in the pancreas which produce insulin

Question 26

What is the cause of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 26

a person’s body becoming resistant to insulin

Question 27

When your blood glucose level is low, what does your body do?

Answer 27

- pancreas releases the hormone glucagon into the blood - travels into liver - insoluble glycogen is converted back to glucose

Question 28

How does alcohol affect the body?

Answer 28

, increases the body’s reaction time. This could have fatal consequences if a person is driving a car under the influence of alcohol. - can cause liver, circulatory and heart disease

Question 29

What can drugs do to the body?

Answer 29

lead to dependence and addiction where people suffer withdrawal symptoms if they are unable to consume it

Question 30

How can you get type 2 diabetes from lifestyle choices?

Answer 30

Eating too much food over a long period can contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes

Question 31

What hormone causes phototropism?

Answer 31

Auxin

Question 32

What is tropism?

Answer 32

growth movement of a plant in response to a one sided stimulus

Question 33

How does your boy react when you get to hot?

Answer 33

- sweat - ERECTOR MUSCLES - Vasodilation - no shivering

Question 34

What does your body do when it gets too cold?

Answer 34

- shivering, skin muscles contract and relax, rapidly generating heat, this warms up blood - reduce sweating - erector muscle CONTRACTS and the hair is pulled upright, more insulating air is trapped next to skin, more insulation - vasoconstriction, - Blood vessels in the skin get narrower so less blood flows to the skin surface so less heat is lost by RADIATION (cooling rate decreases)

Question 35

What is vasodilation?

Answer 35

blood vessel diameter widens, more blood flows to skin surface so more heat is lost to radiation (cooling rate increases)

Question 36

How is sweat created when your hot?

Answer 36

- liquid sweat is made by sweat glands - carried up by sweat ducts - released by sweat pores onto the skin and evaporates removing heat energy

Question 37

How do ERECTOR MUSCLES work when your HOT?

Answer 37

ERECTOR MUSCLES relaxes and hair lies flat, less insulating air is trapped next to skin so less insulation

Question 38

How does shivering work?

Answer 38

skin muscles contract and relax, rapidly generating heat, this warms up blood

Question 39

How do ERECTOR MUSCLES work when you are cold?

Answer 39

erector muscle CONTRACTS and the hair is pulled upright, more insulating air is trapped next to skin, more insulation

Question 40

How does VASOCONSTRICTION work?

Answer 40

Blood vessels in the skin get narrower so less blood flows to the skin surface so less heat is lost by RADIATION (cooling rate decreases)

Question 41

What does your skin detect?

Answer 41

Temperature and pressure