Rest Flashcards
What are the three stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep?
Stage 1 NREM, Stage 2 NREM, Stage 3 NREM
What percentage of sleep time does REM sleep account for?
20% to 25%
Describe Stage 1 NREM sleep.
- Very light sleep
- Lasts only a few minutes
- Muscle relaxation
- Loss of awareness of surroundings
- Vital signs and metabolism beginning to decrease
- Awakens easily
- Feels relaxed and drowsy
Describe Stage 2 NREM sleep.
- Deeper sleep
- Lasts 10 to 20 minutes
- Vital signs and metabolism continuing to slow
- Requires slightly more stimulation to awaken
- Increased relaxation
Describe Stage 3 NREM sleep.
- Slow wave sleep or delta sleep
- Vital signs decreasing
- More difficult to awaken
- Psychological rest and restoration
- Reduced sympathetic activity
What characterizes REM sleep?
- Vivid dreaming
- Occurs about 90 minutes after falling asleep
- Recurs every 90 minutes
- Gets longer with each sleep cycle
- Average length 20 minutes
- Varying vital signs
- Very difficult to awaken
- Loss of skeletal muscle tone
- Cognitive restoration
How many hours do infants and toddlers typically sleep?
9-15 hours a day
How many hours do adolescents typically sleep?
9-10 hours
How many hours do adults typically sleep?
7-8 hours a day
What is insomnia?
Inability to get an adequate amount of sleep and to feel rested
What are the types of insomnia?
- Active insomnia
- Chronic insomnia
- Intermittent insomnia
Who has a greater risk for insomnia?
Women and older adults
What is sleep apnea?
More than five breathing sessions lasting longer than 10 seconds per hour during sleep, resulting in decreased arterial oxygen saturation levels
What are the types of sleep apnea?
- Central
- Obstructive
a sleep disorder where the brain temporarily stops sending signals to the muscles that control breathing, leading to pauses or shallow breathing during sleep. (central)
a sleep disorder where the upper airway repeatedly collapses during sleep, blocking airflow and causing breathing to stop or become shallow. (obstructive)
What is narcolepsy?
Sudden attacks of sleep that are often uncontrollable
What is hypersomnolence disorder?
Excessive daytime sleepiness lasting at least 3 months
What should be assessed in a sleep evaluation?
- Sleep patterns
- History
- Recent changes
- Usual sleep requirements
- Sleep problems (type, manifestations, timing, seriousness, related factors, aftereffects)
What is a common scale used to rate sleep quality?
A linear or visual scale from ‘best sleep’ to ‘worst sleep’ on a 0 to 10 scale
What are normal sleep findings for adults?
- 7-8 hours of sleep
- Generally maintain a consistent sleep schedule
- Unlikely to fall asleep during the day
- Never or rarely have trouble sleeping
- Never snore loudly
What are some nursing actions to promote sleep?
- Help clients establish a bedtime routine
- Limit waking clients during the night
- Promote a quiet environment
- Help with personal hygiene needs
- Adjust inpatient routines
- Consider CPAP for sleep apnea
- Consult about sleep-promoting over-the-counter products
- Suggest pharmacological agents as a last resort
What environmental adjustments can promote sleep?
- Light
- Noise
- Temperature
- Mattress
What should clients avoid before bedtime?
- Stressful situations
- Foods and beverages that interfere with sleep
- Electronic devices
What lifestyle changes can help with narcolepsy?
- Exercise regularly
- Eat small, high-protein meals
- Avoid activities that increase sleepiness
- Take naps when drowsy
- Take prescribed stimulants
What factors interfere with sleep?
- Physiologic disorders
- Current life events
- Emotional stress or mental illness
- Diet
- Exercise
- Fatigue
- Sleep environment
- Medications
- Substance use
