Restless Earth

Question 1

What is the crust?

Answer 1

The outer layer of the earth

Question 2

What is a plate?

Answer 2

A section of the earth’s crust

Question 3

What is a plate margin?

Answer 3

The boundary where two plates meet

Question 4

What is the mantle?

Answer 4

The dense, mostly solid layer between the outer core and the crust

Question 5

What are convection currents?

Answer 5

The circular currents of heat in the mantle

Question 6

What is subduction?

Answer 6

The sinking of oceanic crust at a destructive margin

Question 7

What is a collision?

Answer 7

The meeting of two plates of continental crust. They are both the same type so they meet ‘head on’ and buckle

Question 8

What is a fold mountain?

Answer 8

Large mountain range where rock layers have been crumpled is they have been forced together

Question 9

What is an ocean trench?

Answer 9

A deep section of the ocean, usually where an oceanic plate is sinking below a continental plate

Question 10

What is a composite volcano?

Answer 10

A steep-sided volcano that is made up of a variety of materials, such as lava and ash

Question 11

What is a shield volcano?

Answer 11

A broad volcano that is mostly made up of lava

Question 12

What is subsistence farming?

Answer 12

Farming to provide food and other resources for the farmer’s own family

Question 13

What is irrigation?

Answer 13

Artificial watering of the land

Question 14

What are terraces?

Answer 14

Steps cut into hillsides to create areas of flat land

Question 15

What is hydroelectric power?

Answer 15

The use of flowing water to turn turbines to generate electricity

Question 16

What are the primary effects of a volcano?

Answer 16

The immediate effects of the eruption, caused directly by it

Question 17

What are the secondary effects of a volcano?

Answer 17

The after effects that occur as an indirect effect of the eruption on a longer timescale

Question 18

What is aid?

Answer 18

Money, food, training and technology given by richer countries to poorer ones, either to help with an emergency or to encourage long-term development

Question 19

What is a natural hazard?

Answer 19

An occurrence over which people have little control, which poses a threat to people’s lives and possessions

Question 20

What is an earthquake?

Answer 20

A sudden and often violent shift in the rocks forming the earth’s crust, which is felt at the surface

Question 21

What is an immediate response to a natural disaster?

Answer 21

How people react as the disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath

Question 22

What are long term responses to natural disasters?

Answer 22

Later reactions that occur in the weeks, months and years after the event

Question 23

What is the vent of a volcano?

Answer 23

The opening - usually central and single - in a volcano from which magma is emitted

Question 24

What are lahar associated with a volcano?

Answer 24

These secondary effects of a volcanic eruption are mudflows resulting from ash mixing with melting ice or water

Question 25

What is a super volcano?

Answer 25

A mega volcano that erupts at least 1000 cubic km of material

Question 26

What is the caldera of a super volcano?

Answer 26

The depression of the super volcano marking the collapsed magma chamber

Question 27

What is a fissure in the volcano?

Answer 27

An extended opening along a line of weakness in the volcano that allows magma to escape

Question 28

What is the definition of geothermal?

Answer 28

Water that is heated beneath the ground, which comes to the surface in a variety of ways

Question 29

What is a geyser?

Answer 29

A geothermal feature in which water erupts into the air under pressure

Question 30

What is a hot spot?

Answer 30

A section of the earth's crust where plumes of magma rise, weakening the crust. These are AWAY from plate boundaries

Question 31

What is the focus of an earthquake?

Answer 31

The point on the earth's crust where the earthquake originates

Question 32

What is the Richter scale?

Answer 32

The logarithmic scale used for measuring earthquakes based on scientific recordings of the amount of movement

Question 33

What is the epicentre of an earthquake?

Answer 33

The point at the earth's surface directly above the focus

Question 34

What are shock waves?

Answer 34

Seismic waves generated by an earthquake that pass through the earth's crust

Question 35

What is the Mercalli scale?

Answer 35

A means of measuring earthquakes by describing and comparing the damage done, on a scale from 1 to 12

Question 36

Define 'debt'

Answer 36

Money owed to others, to a bank or to aglow like organisation such as the World Bank

Question 37

What are the three Ps?

Answer 37

Prediction, protection, preparation

Question 38

What is prediction, in the context of earthquakes?

Answer 38

Attempts to forecast an earthquake - where and when it will happen - based on current knowledge

Question 39

What is protection, in the context of earthquakes?

Answer 39

Constructing building so that they are safe to live in and will not collapse

Question 40

What is preparation, in the context of earthquakes?

Answer 40

Organising activities and drills so that people know what to do in the event of an earthquake

Question 41

What is a tsunami?

Answer 41

A special type of wave where the entire depth of the sea or ocean is set in motion by an event (usually an earthquake) which creates a huge wave