Restorative Art 1 Flashcards
(224 cards)
1
Q
Are muscles paired or single
A
Both
2
Q
Non-anatomical name for Occipitofrontalis muscle
A
epicranius
3
Q
Non-anatomical name for Corrugator
A
Frowning muscle
4
Q
Non-anatomical name for Orbicularis Oris
A
Puckering muscle
5
Q
Non-anatomical name for Zygomaticus Major
A
Laughing muscle
6
Q
Non-anatomical name for Buccinator
A
Trumpeters muscle
7
Q
Non-anatomical name for Triangularis
A
Depressor anguli oris
8
Q
Non-anatomical name for Risorius
A
False smile muscle
9
Q
Non-anatomical name for Depressor Labii Inferiroris
A
Quadratus muscle
10
Q
Muscle function of the Occipitofrontalis muscle
A
draws the scalp inferiorly & posteriorly to raise the eyebrows
11
Q
Muscle function of the Temporalis
A
a muscle of mastication and is the STRONGEST chewing muscle; assists in side-to-side movement of the mandible & closes the mandible
12
Q
Muscle function of the Masseter
A
to close the mandible and a muscle of mastication
13
Q
Muscle function of the Orbicularis Oculi
A
closes the eyelid when contracted and compresses the lacrimal sac
14
Q
Muscle function of the Corrugator
A
draws the eyebrow inferorily (downward) & medially when contracted
15
Q
Muscle function of the Levator Palpebrae Superioris
A
raises the upper eyelid
16
Q
Muscle function of the Procerus muscle
A
draws skin downward (inferiorly)
17
Q
Muscle function of the Orbicularis Oris
A
closes and puckers the lips, compresses lips against teeth; shapes lips during speech
18
Q
Muscle function of the Zygomaticus major
A
the corner of the mouth is raised when this muscle contracts draws the upper lip posteriorly, superiorly, and laterally as in smiling or laughing
19
Q
Muscle function of the Buccinator
A
compresses the cheek and pulls the corner of the mouth (anguli oris posteriorly) it produces the action of sucking
20
Q
Muscle function of the Triangularis
A
depresses the angle/corner of the mouth
21
Q
Muscle function of the Quadratus Labii Superioris
A
group of muscles that serves to raise the upper lip (sneer)
22
Q
Muscle function of the Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
A
elevates or raise the upper lip and dilates (flares) the nostrils
23
Q
Muscle function of the Levator Labii Superioris
A
elevates and extends the upper lip
24
Q
Muscle function of the Zygomaticus minor
A
draws the superior lip superiorly and laterally
25
Muscle function of the Levator Anguli Oris
lift/ elevates the angle of the mouth
26
Muscle function of the Risorius
draws corners of mouth outward or laterally; retracts the angle of the mouth
27
Muscle function of the Depressor Labii Inferioris
depresses/ draws the lower lip inferiorly and slightly laterally
28
Muscle function of the Mentalis
elevates and protrudes the lower lip; it also wrinkles the skin over the chin area
29
Muscle function of the Platysma
fills up the space in the neck; depresses mandible & lower lip wrinkles the skin of the neck and chest; it also depresses the mandible and anguli oris as in Pouting
30
Muscle function of the Sternocleidomastoid
rotate the head; help to depress the head or lower the head
31
Muscle function of the Digastricus
draws the hyoid bone superiorly; helps manipulate the tongue import for speech
32
What are the External Facial Bones?
1. Nasal Bones (2)
2. Zygomatic Bones (2)
3. Maxilla (2)
4. Mandible (1)
33
What is the muscle of the cranium?
Occipitofrontalis muscle
34
What are the muscles of mastifcation (chewing)?
1. Temporalis (2)
| 2. Masseter (2)
35
Which muscle of mastifcation is the strongest?
Temporalis
36
What are the muscles of facial expression?
1. Orbicularis Oculi
2. Corrugator
3. Levator Palpebrae Superioris
37
What is the muscle of the Nose?
Procerus muscle
38
What are the muscles of the Mouth?
1. Orbicularis Oris
2. Zygomaticus Major
3. Buccinator
4. Triangularis
39
What are the muscles of the mouth & anterior cheek?
1. Quadratus Labii Superioris
2. Levator Anguli Oris
3. Risorius
4. Depressor Labii Inferioris
5. Mentalis
40
What are the muscles of the neck?
1. Platysma
2. Sternocleidomastoid
3. Digastricus
41
What muscles make up the Quadratus Labii Superioris?
1. Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
2. Levator Labii Superioris
3. Zygomaticus Minor
42
What part of the face is the center of expression?
The Mouth
43
What are the muscles of mastication?
Temporalis & Masseter
44
The small oval depression on the zygomatic process of the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible articulates, just anterior to the external auditory meatus; forms the temporal mandibular join (TMJ)
Mandibular fossa
45
the prominence at the center of the external surface of the occipital bone
Occipital Protuberance
46
lowest part of the back and base of the cranium, forming a cradle for the brain
Occipital Bone
47
two bones that form the roof and part of the sides of the skull
Parietal bones
48
the vertical surface of the temporal bone
Squama
49
What is the wides part of the cranium?
The Parietal Eminence
50
the processes on the temporal and zygomatic bones; determines the widest part of the face
Zygomatic arch
51
one of the lesser concavities of the face located on the lateral portion of the cheek inferior to the zygomatic arch
Zygomatic arch depression
52
bones of the cheeks; diamond shaped; convex surface which moves in the anterior & lateral plane from the center portion of the bone
Zygomatic bones
53
Inferior to the mandibular fossa
Meatus
54
What is the widest part of the neck?
from one sternocleidomastoid muscle to the other
55
What is the widest part of the face?
Zygomatic bones
56
a rounded prominence at the end of a bone forming an articulation; the posterior process of the ramus of the mandible
condyle
57
the ascending part of the upper jaw which gradually protrudes as it rises beside the nasal bone to meet the frontal bone; the ascending process of the upper jaw
Frontal Process of the Maxilla
58
the four teeth located anteriorly from the midline on each jaw; used for cutting
Incisor teeth
59
the inferior border of the mandible
Jawline
60
triangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible
Mental Eminence
61
a paired bone with several processes that form the skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and floor of the orbit
Maxilla
62
the depression between the mental eminence and the inferior incisor teeth
Incisive Fossa
63
shallow depressions located on the cheek or chin in a rounded or vertical form; one of the NATURAL facial markings
Dimples
64
directly inferior to the glabella and forming a dome over the superior poriton of the nasal cavity
Nasal bones
65
Can facial markings be Natural or Acquired?
Both
66
Wrinkles run _______________ to muscle fibers
transverse
67
are wrinkles more prominent on a male or female?
MALE
68
what moves in an inferior direction and also moves in a posterior direction?
gravitational pull
69
the point of muscle attachment which moves the least, beginning of muscles contraction
Origin
70
the point of muscle attachment, which moves the most
Insertion
71
furrows which cross the forehead; acquired
Transverse frontal sulci
72
crows feet; the furrows radiating from the lateral corner of the eye; acquired facial markings
Optic Facial Sulci
73
furrow between the eyebrows; can run vertical or transverse; acquired
Interciliary sulci
74
along inferior margin of the upper eyelid
Superior tarsal
75
if difficult to close the eyes when setting features; you can cut this muscle to help aid in the closing
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
76
the vertical groove located medially on the superior lip; a natural facial marking
Philtrum
77
the small convex prominence found lateral to the end of the line of closure of the mouth; natural facial marking
Angulus Oris Emience
78
the vertical furrow of the cheek; acquired
Bucco-facial sulcus
79
the sharp, bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity
Nasal spine of the maxilla
80
the rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear
Mastoid process
81
the lateral rim of the eye socket formed by a process of the frontal bone and a process of the zygomatic bone
Zygomaticofrontal process
82
those that are present at birth, hereditary
Natural Facial Markings
83
facial markings that develop during one's lifetime, primarily as a result of repetitious use of certain muscles
Acquired Facial Markings
84
the transverse, dipping furrow of the neck; acquired
Platysmal sulci
85
that part of the face above the eyes
Forehead
86
those requiring a long period of time, are extensive, required advanced technical skill, and expressed written consent to perform
Major restoration
87
those requiring a minimum effort, skill, or time to complete
Minor restoration
88
the care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color
Restorative art
89
treatments of a restorative nature performed during the embalming operation
Concurrent (during)
90
treatments of restorative nature performed before the embalming operation
Pre-embalming
91
treatments of restorative nature performed after the embalming operation
Post-embalming
92
lack of symmetry, balance, or proportion
Asymmetry
93
correspondence in size, shape and relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face
Symmetry
94
the side view of the human head
Profile view
95
Anterior; the anterior view of the face or features
Frontal view
96
in reference to a photograph, a view which reveals the fullness of the cheeks
Three-Quarters view
97
the process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance
Embalming
98
two sides
Bilateral
99
dissimilarities existing in the two sides or halves of an object
Bilateral differences
100
the bilateral view; an inferior or superior viewpoint which permits the comparison of the two sides or halves of an object or facial feature
Bilateral silhouette
101
exhibiting a depressed or hollow surface, a concavity
concave
102
curved evenly; resembling a segment of the outer edge of a sphere
convex
103
the study of the structures and surface marking os the face and features
physiognomy
104
an electrically-heated blade used to dry moist tissues, reduce swollen tissues, and restore contour to natural form, this is used during post-embalming
electric spatula
105
the topmost part of the head
Crown/ Vertex
106
weight applied to a surface
External pressure
107
the vertical surface of the temporal bone
Squama
108
inferior portion of the sides and base of the cranium, inferior to the parietal bone and anterior to the occipital bone
Temporal bones
109
the concave surface of the head overlying the temporal bone
temporal cavity
110
two bones that form the roof and part of the sides of the skull
parietal bones
111
the rounded peak of the external convexity of the parietal bones; determines the widest part of the cranium
Parietal eminence
112
an opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes from the brain
foramen magnum
113
the rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear
mastoid process
114
the body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, upper limbs are at the sides with thumbs pointed away from the body
Anatomical position
115
towards the head;
superior
116
towards the front
Anterior (ventral)
117
towards the feet, lower in position
inferior
118
towards the rear or caudal end
posterior (dorsal)
119
towards the midline
medial
120
towards the side, away from midline
lateral
121
a part extending beyond the level of its surroundings
projection
122
the withdrawal of a part from its normal position
recession
123
a hollow or concave region
depression
124
the state or condition of being thrust forward or projecting
protrusion
125
slope; deviation from the horizontal or vertical
inclination
126
the eyes are ______________ to the mouth
superior
127
the chest is ___________ to the neck
inferior
128
the frontal bone is ___________ to the occipital bone
anterior (ventral)
129
the occipital bone is ___________ to the frontal bone
posterior (dorsal)
130
to observe the relative locations and arrangements of internal parts, it is necessary to cut or section the body along various planes
body planes
131
a lengthwise cut that divides the body into RIGHT and LEFT portions
Median (sagittal) plane
132
if the right and left divisions is into two equal halves it is called what?
median or mid-sagittal
133
divides the body into superior and inferior sections (top and bottom)
Horizontal (transverse) plane
134
divides the body into anterior and posterior (front and back)
frontal (coronal) plane
135
a state or degree of being deep
depth
136
a prominence or projection of a bone
Eminence
137
the most common characteristics of each feature; typical, common, average
Norm
138
after death
Post-mortem
139
a single bony prominence of the frontal bone located between the superciliary arches in the inferior part of the frontal bone above the root of the nose
Glabella
140
the anterior third of the cranium, forming the forehead and the anterior portion of the roof of the skull
Frontal bone
141
paired, rounded, unmargined prominences of the frontal bone found approximately one inch beneath the normal hairline
Frontal eminences
142
the inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrows
superciliary arches
143
the superior rim of the eye socket
supraorbital margins
144
external shape; a mold for casting; produce a certain shape; to constitute existing elements
form
145
a visual sensation perceived by the eye and the mind due to the activity and vibration of light
color
146
What should the restorative artist not conceal?
Moles, warts, scars, and birthmarks
147
is form and color included in the definition of restorative art?
YES
148
What is a cavity?
cavity is a hollow place or area
149
What is the geometric shape of the human skull
OVAL
150
Muscle that draws the scalp inferiorly & posteriorly to raise the eyebrows, thin sheet; this broad muscle covers the top of the skull. It consists of two parts the occitalis or back part, and the frontalis or front part
Location of the Occipitofrontalis muscle
151
i. When contracted, this muscle raises the eyebrows
| ii. Continual contraction forms: TRANSVERSE FRONTAL SULCI
effect on surface form of the Occipitofrontalis muscle
152
A broad muscle arising in the temporal cavity and inserting in the mandible; rod, fan shaped muscle; Located along the temporal bone
Location of the Temporalis
153
The temporalis muscle provides some bulk to the temporal cavity (emaciated case receive tissue builder)
Effect on surface form of the Temporalis
154
Cheek area; (Bugal) a muscle arising from the zygomatic arch and inserting in the mandible
Location of the Masseter
155
The masseter muscle provides bulk to the side of the cheek
Effect on surface form of the Masseter
156
This sphincter muscle surrounds the eye socket
Location of the Orbicularis oculi
157
the formation of Optic Facial Sulci
Effect on surface form the Orbicularis oculi
158
a pyramid-shaped muscle of facial expression. This muscle lies beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi; oblique runs from the root of the nose to the upper rim of the eye socket
Location of the Corrugator
159
the formation of vertical interciliary sulci
Effect on surface form of the Corrugator
160
A muscle of facial expression that runs from the inside of the eye socket to the superior tarsal plate of the eyelid; thin muscle
Location of the Levator Palpebrae Superioris
161
Palpebral Fold; occurs during the aging process
Effect on surface form of the Levator Palpebrae Superioris
162
narrow, elongated muscle, this muscle covers the bridge of the nose, located on the nasal bones up to the forehead
Location of the Procerus muscle
163
the formation of trnasverse interciliary sulci
Effect on surface form of the Procerus muscle
164
a flat band of muscles in the upper and lower red lips and integumentary lips
Location of the Orbicularis Oris
165
formation of the philtrum
Effect on surface form of the Orbicularis Oris
166
Extends from the cheekbone to angle of the mouth
location of the Zygomaticus Major
167
formation of the Angulus Oris Eminence; natural facial marking
effect on surface form of the Zygomaticus Major
168
The principle muscle of the cheek, orginates in the skin over the molar teeth and inserts into the skin at the anguli oris (corners of the mouth) It makes up part of the angulus oris eminence
Location of the Buccinator
169
multiple effect; Helps form angulus oris eminence, Bucco-facial Sulcus; Forms lateral wall of the cheek
Effect on surface form of the Buccinator
170
a muscle of facial expression that arises from the mandible to insert into the anguli oris (corner of the mouth)
Location of the Triangularis
171
formation of the angulus oris eminence (end of the line of closure)
effect on surface form of the Triangularis
172
the large muscle from the cheekbone and lower rim of the eyesocket which raises the upper lip; and multiheaded muscle made up with the following 3 muscles:
Location of the Quadratus Labii Superioris
173
The group of muscles helps form the Nasolabial Sulcus (creese) acquired and can accompany the nasolabial fold
effect on surface form of the Quadratus Labii Superioris
174
Region of the k-9 teeth area beneath the Quadratus Labii Superioris; a small muscle at the angle of the mouth
location of the Levator Anguli Oris
175
formation of the Nasolabial Fold
effect on surface form of the Levator Anguli Oris
176
extends from the skin over the masseter muscles to the corners of the mouth
Location of the Risorius
177
so superficial nothing noteable
effect on surface form of the Risorius
178
on the tip of the chin
Location of the Mentalis
179
it provides anterior projection for the chin (bulk); mental eminence- the prominence of the chin; fibers of the mentalis muscle can cause a depression called dimple if elongated called a cleft if it extends under the chin giving the appearance of two lobes called a bilobated chin
effect on surface form of the Mentalis
180
sheets of muscle; thin layer of muscle covering the anterior aspect of the neck
Location of the Platysma
181
1. Bucco-facial Sulcus 2. Mandibular Sulcus 3. Serrated Jawline 4. Platysmal Sulci
Mandibular Sulci creating a Serrated Jawline
effect on surface form of the Platysma
182
a thick muscle that originates from the head of the sternum and clavicle, and inserts at the mastoid process of the temporal bone
location of the sternocleidomastoid
183
widest part of the neck- from one belly of the SCM to the other belly of the SCM makes up the widest part of the neck
effect on surface form the the sternocleidomastoid
184
a double- bellied muscle of the neck, which attaches to the mastoid process and the mandible;
location of the Digastricus
185
Cords of the neck (it can be very prominent on males)
effect on surface form of the Digastricus
186
the character lines, wrinkles, grooves, cord of the neck and dimples of the face
Facial Markings
187
Facial Markings are caused by:
Muscles; (movement, lack of movement, striations, location)
188
Factors responsible for facial markings
```
• Age & heredity (DNA)
• Environment
• Muscle striation & action
• Position of the body
• Condition of the body
Rapid Loss of Weight
Pathological Condition (disease)
Corpulence (weight gain/obses)
Trauma
```
189
Neither natural nor acquired facial markings which occur on both sides of the face are truly symmetrical
Asymmetry of facial markings
190
the termination of all facial markings are?
indefinite
191
What are the Natural Facial Markings
1. Philtrum
2. Nasolabial fold
3. Nasal sulcus
4. Oblique palpebral sulcus
5. Angulus oris eminence
6. Angulus oris sulcus
7. Labiolmental sulcus
8. Submental sulcus
9. Dimples
192
the vertical groove located medially on the superior lip; extends to the columna nasi in the margin of the red lip (superior mucus membrane); superior integument; lateral margins slightly raised & form an irregular parenthetical curve ( ) greatest depth corosponses with its widest part; can be obscured in old age (not uncommon)
philtrum
193
from the nose to the lips/ corner of the mouth; emience of the cheek adjacent to the corners of the mouth; extends from the superior part of the posterior margin of the wing of the nose to the side of the mouth elevation is going to vary depending on the amount of tissue in the cheek; Linear Outline of the Nasolabial Fold; 1. Curved ) 2. Straight / 3. Sinuous ~
Nasolabial fold
194
The angular area between the posterior margins of the wing of the nose and the nasolabial fold
Nasal Sulcus
195
the shallow curving groove inferior to the medial corner of the eyelids, moving laterally downward;
Oblique palpebral sulcus
196
the small convex prominence lateral to the end of the line of lip closure of the mouth; elevation outside and slightly to the corner of the mouth; difficult to see because no defiant borders; essential to facial expression
Angulus oris eminence
197
the groove at each end of the line of closure of the mouth; size and depth varies; depending on the size of the angulus oris eminence; in youths a triangular depression
Angulus oris sulcus
198
(lip,chin) the junction of the lower integumentary lip and the superior border of the chin, which may appear as a furrow; highest point is along the mid-line; upside down U shape
Labiolmental sulcus
199
the junction of the base of chin and the submandibular area, which may appear as a furrow; helps create the appearance of a double chin
Subemental sulcus/ furrow
200
shallow depressions located on the cheek or chin, either round or vertical; chin dimple that is the median line that is enlongated is called a cleft; chin dimple changes less than a cheek dimple
Dimples
201
if the cleft chin extend downward
Bilobated chin
202
What are the Acquired Facial Markings
1. Nasolabial sulcus
2. Transverse frontal sucli
3. Interciliary sulci
4. Optic facial sulci
5. Superior palpebral sulci
6. Inferior palpebral sulcus
7. Bucco-facial sulcus
8. Mandibular sulcus
9. Labial sulci
10. Platysmal sulci
11. Cords of the neck
203
furrow medial and adjacent to the nasolabial fold. Originating at the superior border of the wing of the nose and extending to the sides of the mouth.
Nasolabial sulcus
204
the horizontal furrows of the forehead. They vary in depth, curvature, and inclination. Can be continuous or interrupted. Greatest depth is toward the lateral end.
Most common form of transverse frontal sulci is a dip at central plane
Caused by the continual contraction of the occipitofrontalis muscle
Transverse frontal sulci
205
vertical or transverse in form; these are the furrows between the eyebrows.
Vertical interciliary sulci is caused by the continual contraction of the corrugator muscle
Interciliary sulci
206
the furrows radiating from the lateral corner so the eyes
Optic facial sulci (crow's feet)
207
the furrows of the superior borders of the upper eyelid
Superior palpebral sulci
208
the furrow of the lower attached border of the inferior palpebra
Inferior palpebral sulcus
209
The vertical furrow of the cheek
Bucco-facial sulcus
210
the furrow beneath the jawline, which rises vertically on the cheek
Mandibular sulcus
211
the vertical furrows of the lips extending from within the mucous membranes into the integumentary lip
Labial sulci (furrows of aging)
212
the transverse dipping furrows of the neck
Platysmal sulci
213
Vertical prominences fo the neck; may be long or short
cords of the neck
214
Wrinkle- a crevice in the skin accompanied by adjacent elevations
Furrow
215
an enlongated depression in a relatively level plane or surface
Groove
216
a furrow, a wrinkle, a groove
Sulcus
217
a prominence or projection of a bone
Eminence
218
furrow
Wrinkle
219
an enlongated prominence adjoining a surface
Fold
220
What are the 4 anatomical structures of the temporal bone used for locating the modeled ear
1. External Auditory Meatus
2. Zygomatic Arch
3. Mandibular Foss
4. Mastoid Process
221
inferior to the Mandibular Fossa
External Auditory Meatus
222
divides the length of the ear in half (the measurement of one zygomatic arch gives you the wides part of the face)
Zygomatic Arch
223
Conidial of the mandible articulates in the mandibular fossa (is anterior to the External Auditory Meatus)
Mandibular Fossa
224
just posterior to the lobe of the ear (Lobe is fatty 1/3)- sternoclediomastiod muscle attaches here.
Mastoid Process
