Restrictive Lung Disease

Question 1

Restrictive Lung Disease (RLD) is a difficulty fully ________ one’s lungs with air

Answer 1

expanding

Question 2

RLD most often results from a condition causing ___________ in the lungs

Answer 2

stiffness (reduced compliance)

Question 3

Sx of RLD

Answer 3

• SOB

- Dry/non-productive cough

Question 4

What lung volumes are reduced in RLD?

Answer 4

Tota lung capacity

Question 5

What occurs secondary to RLD due to inadequate alveolar ventilation?

Answer 5

Hypoxemia

Question 6

Causes of RLD

Answer 6

• Scarring of distal lung parenchyma due to infiltrates from inflammation, toxins and mechanisms
• Reduced lung compliance
• Idiopathic fibrotic disease
• Chest wall stiffness
• Weak muscles
• Damaged nerves
• CT diseases
• Sarcoidosis
• Drug-induced Lung disease - radiation
• Environmental exposure
• Kyphoscoliosis
• Obesity
• Neuromuscular disorders
• Ascites

Question 7

Pathophysiology of RLD

Answer 7

inflammation–> recruitment of fibroblasts–> pulmonary fibrosis–> sclerotic injury to alveolar walls–> impacts gas exchange–> decreases DLCO and ability of the alveoli to expand

Question 8

True or false, RLD is progressive?

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Physical Examination of RLD

Answer 9

• Abnormal breathing
• Cyanosis
• Digital Clubbing
• Cor Pulmonale

Question 10

Medical Management of RLD

Answer 10

• symptom management
• Corticosteroids
• Anti-inflammatories

Question 11

Treatment of RLD

Answer 11

• ensuring adequate oxygenation
• surgical modifications of msk deformities
• heart-lung transplants
• most cases not reversible

Question 12

Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)

Answer 12

• hypoventilation, daytime hypercapnia & hypoxemia

- accompanied by sleep apnea

Question 13

Patients with (OHS) have _______ CO2 and ________ O2

Answer 13

increased

decreased

Question 14

Chronic Interstitial diseases (CID) is a type of ______

Answer 14

Restrictive lung disease

Question 15

The Pneumoconiosis are a group of _________

Answer 15

CID

Question 16

Pneumoconiosis is a lung disease caused by breathing in what?

Answer 16

certain kinds of dust particles that damage your lungs

Question 17

Pneumoconiosis is also known as ______

Answer 17

occupational lung disease

Question 18

Pneumoconiosis is characterized by what 3 things?

Answer 18

inflammation, coughing, and fibrosis

Question 19

True or false, Pneumoconiosis develops quickly

Answer 19

False, it usually takes years to develop!

Question 20

Blood vessels and alveolar surface are ________ and become _________

Answer 20

damaged

thicker

Question 21

Is Pneumoconiosis reversible?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

Interstitial fibrosis (inflammation & fibrosis of the pulmonary interstitium) is another subtype of _______

Answer 22

CID

Question 23

CID describes a large group of disorders, most of which cause ________ of lung tissue

Answer 23

progressive scarring

Question 24

By the time symptoms appear, ________ lung damage has occurred

Answer 24

irreversible

Question 25

PT for patients with CID

Answer 25

- getting out of bed/walking | - chest mobilizations

Question 26

Types of CID

Answer 26

- Exposure related - Autoimmune related - Idiopathic

Question 27

An example of Pneumoconiosis is _______ disease | -Hint* Ben Stiller

Answer 27

black lung

Question 28

Signs and Symptoms of Pneumoconiosis

Answer 28

- cough - phlegm - SOB - progressive respiratory failure - lung cancer - TB - HF

Question 29

In CID, static lung volumes are ________ secondary to _______ lung stiffness and ________ # of alveoli

Answer 29

decreased increased decreased

Question 30

CID causes the lung to look like a ________ due to fibrous & thick terminal and respiratory bronchioles

Answer 30

honeycomb

Question 31

The following chest wall disorders result in restricted lung disease

Answer 31

- Neuromuscular (SCI) - Skeletal deformities (Scoliosis) - Postsurgical status (shallow breaths) - Obesity - Collagen vascular disease (Pickwinian)

Question 32

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPD) is a _________ interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure

Answer 32

progressive

Question 33

What are the environmental factors, genetic factors, and age factor that predisposes someone to IPD

Answer 33

- cigarette smoking - smoking + gene variants - rarely appears under the age of 50

Question 34

Physical Exam of IPD

Answer 34

- hypoxemia - cyanosis - clubbing

Question 35

IPD causes decreased _______ capacity of the alveolocapillary

Answer 35

diffusing

Question 36

What is the only definitive therapy for IPD?

Answer 36

Lung transplant

Question 37

Pulmonary involvement in Autoimmune diseases

Answer 37

- RA - Systemic sclerosis - Systemic Lupis