restrictive lung disease

Question 1

causes of restricitve lung disease?

Answer 1

intrinsic lung disease -alterations to lung parenchyma due to interstitial lung disease (ILD)

EXTRINSIC DISORDERs- compress lungs or limit expansion :
pleural
chest wall
neuromuscular (decrease ability of respiratory muscles to inflate/ deflate lungs)

Question 1

what is restrictive lung disease (main features)

Answer 1

lung volumes small, difficulty expanding lungs so breathing in

Question 2

parenchyma meaning and lung parenchyma specifically

Answer 2

parenchyma in general refers to the functional cells/ part of a tissue in lung its alveolar rgeions of lung

Question 3

what are the borders of the interstitial space

Answer 3

space between alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium

Question 4

what structures does the interstitial space include

Answer 4

lymphatic vessels, occasional fibroblasts and ECM

Question 5

does interstitial space have a structural role?

Answer 5

yes it provides structural support to lung

Question 6

what structural element of interstitial space helps gass exchange

Answer 6

its very thin (few micrometers)

Question 7

name lung parenhymal cell type sand functions

Answer 7

parenchymal:
-alveolar type 1: main alveolus - approx 70m^2 surface- gas exchange surface

• alveolar type 2:
  surfactant to reduce surface tension, stem cell for repair

Question 8

non parenchymal lung cellssupportive lung cell types and functions?

Answer 8

fibroblasts: produce type 1 collagen

alveolar macrophages: phagocytose foreign material and produce surfactant

Question 9

where do alveolar macrophages sit?

Answer 9

they are closely associated with lung epithelium

Question 10

what are the three most common categories of IDL (interstitial lung disease) - (cause being the categorizing factor)

Answer 10

idiopathic,
autoimmune related
exposure related

Question 11

what is the pathophysiology and consequence in ILD (interstitial lung diseases)- simple terms

Answer 11

inflammation or fibrosis in interstitial space which causes impaired gas exchange

Question 12

IS OXYGEN supplementation usually part of early or late diseas emanagement in ILD?

Answer 12

LATE

Question 13

which is the most common type of ILD and which has the poorest prognosis?

Answer 13

most common type is IPF (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) which is associated with poor prognosis

Question 14

what are some key things you should be doing to manage early ILD

Answer 14

*Pharmacological therapy – immunosuppressive drugs, antifibrotics (anti scarring)
*Clinical trials
*Patient education
*Vaccination – covid flu ect
*Smoking cessation
*Treatment of co-morbidities – gastroesophageal reflux (very common in ipf we don’t understand why), obstructive sleep apnoea, pulmonary hypertension- high bp on right side due to lung disease
*Pulmonary rehabilitation

Question 15

late diseas emanagement strategie sin ILDs

Answer 15

suppl oxygen
lung transplant
palliative care-

Question 16

what is pulmonary fibrosis? (the most defining characteristics are progresision, pathophysiology in lung, and cause)

Answer 16

Progressive, scarring lung disease of unknown cause

Question 17

where roughly does IPF sit on the list of cancer caused median untreated survival?

Answer 17

rl bad! one of the least survival years only lung and pancreatic cancer seemed to be above