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Clinical Medicine III (Fall 2017) > Restrictive Lung Disease (CP Revised) > Flashcards

Restrictive Lung Disease (CP Revised) Flashcards

(115 cards)

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1
Q

in basic terms, what is restrictive lung disease

A

lungs cannot fully expand

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2
Q

in restrictive lung diseases, what is flail chest

A

3 or more adjacent ipsilateral ribs (/sternum) are fractured in at least 2 different segments

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3
Q

initial signs of restrictive lung diseases

A

chronic hyperventilation

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4
Q

what is hyperventilation

A

blow off too much CO2

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5
Q

in restrictive lung diseases, what does exertional dyspnea move to

A

dyspnea at rest

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6
Q

is cough effective in restrictive lung diseases

A

no it is ineffective

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7
Q

what is the breathing pattern like in restrictive lung diseases

A

rapid and shallow

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8
Q

what type of medication can be used for restrictive lung diseases

A

corticosteroids

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9
Q

progression in restrictive lung diseases starting with pulmonary artery hypertension (4 total)

A

pulmonary artery hypertension –> cor pulmonale –> severely decreased oxygenation –> ventilatory failure

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10
Q

what type of disease is pulmonary fibrosis

A

restrictive lung disease

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11
Q

pulmonary fibrosis is AKA

A

interstitial lung/pulmonary disease

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12
Q

pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis

A

chronic inflammation of lung tissue, leading to lung scarring

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13
Q

2/3 patients with pulmonary fibrosis can attribute ____ to the etiology

A

idiopathic

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14
Q

the other 1/3 can attribute their to… (pulmonary fibrosis)

A

s/p reactive airway disease due to healing scar tissue

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15
Q

because fibroblasts increase in activity in pulmonary fibrosis, what happens to the lobe at the alveoli

A

increased fibroblast activity distorts and shrinks lobe at the alveoli = decrease lung compliance

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16
Q

in pulmonary fibrosis, “stiff lung” referes to difficulty…

A

difficulty diffusing gases across

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17
Q

initial signs of pulmonary fibrosis

A

SOB and dry cough

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18
Q

is response predictable for pulmonary fibrosis

A

nope

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19
Q

pneumonconiosis is AKA

A

Dusty Lungs/Black Lung Disease

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20
Q

what is pneumonconiosis caused by

A

inhalation of large amounts of industrial substances

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21
Q

pathophysiology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

exposure to organic dust

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22
Q

what is affected in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

alveoli and distal airways

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23
Q

signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

quick onset of dyspnea, fever, chills, nonproductive cough

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24
Q

prognosis for hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

poor with repeated exposure

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25
what is the most common resultant from noxious gases, fumes, smoke inhalation
local irritation
26
what is atelectasis
collapse of a normally expanded lung
27
in atelectasis where can the lung collapse
any level of the lung/all of the lung
28
primary cause of atelectasis
bronchus obstructed
29
primary cause of bronchus obstructed in atelectasis
mucus membrane
30
in atelectasis, what happens to alveolar gas
absorbed in blood
31
because alveolar gas is absorbed in the blood, what happens to alveoli
it can't stay open
32
pulmonary edema AKA
pulmonary congestion
33
what is pulmonary edema
excessive fluid in the lungs
34
in pulmonary edema, where does fluid accumulate
interstitial tissue
35
the incidence of pulmonary edema increases with age in those with...
heart failure
36
what part of the heart experiences failure with pulmonary edema
left ventricle
37
pathophysiology of pulmonary edema
fluid from pulmonary vessels leaks into alveolar spaces
38
because fluid from pulmonary vessels leaks into alveolar spaces, what happens to space of gas exchange with pulmonary edema
decrease space of gas exchange
39
in pulmonary edema, tissue injury leads to...
fibrosis
40
in general terms, what is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndome (ARDS)
acute respiratory failure
41
the incidence of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndome (ARDS) increases with...
new life sustaining measures for serious injury/illness
42
are any specific ages effected more by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndome (ARDS) than others?
nah
43
etiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndome (ARDS)
systemic or pulmonary insult
44
in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndome (ARDS), what is inactivated
surfactants
45
in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndome (ARDS), what happens to fluids, proteins, and blood cells?
they leak
46
what is atelectasis
collapse of a lung
47
is atelectasis seen in ARDS
yes it can happen
48
when does the first sign of ARDS occur
12-48 hours after the original event
49
what happens to respiratory rate in ARDS
increased
50
if multiorgan failure happens in ARDS, what is the prognosis like
poor
51
what is the mortality rate in ARDS
50-70%
52
what type of disease is sarcoidosis
systemic
53
in sarcoidosis, there are diffuse ___ and ___
granulomas and inflammation
54
are men or women more affected by sarcoidosis
women
55
in terms of etiology, there is a _____ cellular immune response for sarcoidosis
exaggerated
56
in sarcoidosis, ____ and ___ are most often affected
lungs and thoracic lymph nodes
57
in sarcoidosis, there is an increased risk for ____
osteoporosis
58
can sarcoidosis be asymptomatic
yes
59
in restrictive lung diseases, lung volumes and total lung capacities are _____
decreased
60
in restrictive lung diseases, what happens to residual volume
may stay or decrease
61
in restrictive lung diseases, is chronic hypo or hyperventilation present
chronic hyperventilation
62
in restrictive lung diseases, exertional dyspnea may progress to...
dyspnea at rest
63
what is pneumothorax
accumulated air/gas in the pleural cavity
64
is any particular age affected with pneumothorax
no
65
what population is spontaneous pneumothorax seen in
tall, slim males 10-30 y/o
66
pneumothorax is common with...
trauma
67
in pneumothorax, what enters the pleural cavity
air
68
because air enters the pleural cavity in pneumothorax, there is a loss of ___ in the pleural space
negative pressure
69
after the lung collapses in pneumothorax, what does it do
recoils toward the hilum
70
three types of pneumothorax
1. spontaneous 2. tension 3. open
71
what is spontaneous pneumothorax
opening on the lung surface
72
in spontaneous pneumothorax, what is leaked from the pleural cavity
air
73
is tension pneumothorax more dangerous?
yes
74
what is tension pneumothorax
lung rupture into the pleural space
75
in tension pneumothorax, can air enter with inspiration? expiration?
it can enter with inspiration, but it cannot escape
76
what is open pneumothorax
puncture/opening
77
in open pneumothorax, what does pleural space air pressure lead to
barometric pressure
78
what happens regarding air in open pneumothorax
air comes in and is forced back out
79
is dyspnea common with pneumothorax
yes
80
treatment for open pneumothorax
no real treatment bed rest and O2 to relieve dyspnea
81
treatment for tension pneumothorax
repair or closure of the defect and remove air from the pleural space
82
what is pleuritis
inflamed pleura
83
is pleuritis sudden?
yes
84
what kind of pain is present in pleuritis
sharp chest pain
85
two types of pleuritis
wet and dry
86
is wet pleuritis likely to be painful
no, instead it interferes with breathing
87
in dry pleuritis, is there a change in the fluid between the pleural layers
no
88
in dry pleuritis, what causes pain
chafing between layers
89
what is pleural effusion
pleural fluid between pleural layers
90
etiology of pleural effusion
impaired secretion/drainage of the fluid
91
pathophysiology of pleural effusion
fluids migrate through capillary walls into affected tissues
92
what is a pulmonary embolism
clot lodged in a pulmonary artery
93
because of the clot in a PE, what happens
blocked blood supply to lung parenchyma
94
what is the most common cause of sudden death in hospitalized patients
pulmonary embolism
95
what is the primary imaging to research PEs
VQ Scan
96
what is a pulmonary infarction
emboli rises in the lungs
97
is there tenderness, leg pain, swelling, and warmth with DVTs
yes
98
what is pneumonia
inflammation of the lung parenchyma
99
in pneumonia, there is a release of...
endotoxin
100
aspiration pneumonia is often seen on the (L/R?) side
right
101
is viral pneumonia severe?
no it's self-limiting and mild
102
how does Ledionnaire's Disease happen
environmentally spread bacteria
103
pneumonia is often preceded by..
an upper respiratory infection
104
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic infection associated with...
AIDS
105
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) is the first indicator of classification from ___ to ____
HIV to AIDS
106
how does Pulmonary Tuberculosis happen
infection of the lungs with mycobacterium tuberculosis
107
two types of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
1. primary | 2. secondary
108
is primary tuberculosis symptomatic
no it is usually asymptomatic
109
what parts of the lung are affected with primary tuberculosis
middle/lower
110
what usually brings on secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
lowered resistance to infection
111
what lobes are affected by secondary pulmonary tuberculosis
upper lobes (one or both lungs)
112
etiology of pulmonary tuberculosis
inhalation of infected airborne particles
113
what is a lung abscess
localized accumulation of a purulent exudate
114
what is the most common respiratory disorder in premature infants
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
115
pathophysiology of respiratory distress syndrome
inadequate amount and regeneration of surfactant

Clinical Medicine III (Fall 2017) (3 decks)

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