Restrictive lung diseases Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are two key characteristics of restrictive lung diseases?
A:
- The lungs are stiff and don’t expand well (inspiratory defect).
- The alveolar walls are damaged and replaced with scar tissue (fibrosis).
What happens to lung compliance in restrictive lung diseases?
A: Lung compliance decreases — the lungs become stiff
What does a chest X-ray show in restrictive lung diseases?
A: Bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.
What lung pattern may appear in late stages?
A: Honeycomb lung may appear.
What are the Clinical features of Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis ?
➔ Nonproductive cough & progressive dyspnea
➔ Cyanosis, clubbing, dry ‘crackles’ at inspiration
➔ Chest X ray → bilateral basal nodular infiltrates
What test helps confirm the diagnosis of Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis?
✅ Lung biopsy.
What are the morphology of Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis?
➔ Cobblestones (retraction of scars along the septa)
➔ ‘Temporal heterogeneity’
(Honeycomb Lung)
What type of inflammation is seen in Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis?
A: Interstitial chronic inflammation with fibroblastic proliferation.
Where in the lung does Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis mainly affect?
A: Peripheral areas, basal regions, along the pleura and septae.
How is the distribution of Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia?
A: It is more diffuse and without temporal heterogeneity.
What are the two main histologic patterns of Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia?
A: Mature fibrosing pattern and cellular pattern (infiltrate of lymphocytes and plasma cells).
What is the key histological feature of Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia?
A: Polypoid plugs of fibrosis in bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli.
What is the typical outcome of Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia with treatment?
A: Recovery within 6 months with steroid therapy.
What are examples of Collagen Vascular Diseases associated with interstitial lung disease?
A: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), and Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma).
What is Anthracosis and who is commonly affected?
A: Anthracosis is the most common coal-related lung disease, often seen in tobacco smokers due to inhalation of carbon pigment
Does Anthracosis increase the risk of lung cancer?
A: No, it does not increase the risk of lung cancer.
What are the types of Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis (CWP)?
A:
a. Simple CWP
b. Complicated CWP
c. Progressive Massive Fibrosis
What characterizes Simple Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis (CWP)?
A: Presence of macules (dust-laden macrophages) and nodules (with collagen), mainly in upper lobes, with possible centrilobular emphysema.
What is the most common occupational lung disease?مهم
A: Silicosis.
What are common occupations at risk for Silicosis?
A: Sandblasting,
What radiological sign is classic for Silicosis?
A: “Egg-shell” calcification in hilar lymph nodes on chest X-ray.
What are the clinical features of Silicosis?
A:
• Often asymptomatic
• Dyspnea appears late
• Higher risk of tuberculosis
• Increased risk of lung cancer (especially with crystalline silica)
What are Asbestos (Ferruginous) Bodies and where can they be found?
A:
• Found in sputum, bronchial wash, and lung tissue
• Composed of: asbestos fibers coated with protein and iron
• Show positive Perl’s stain (blue color for iron)
• May be seen even in normal individuals exposed to asbestos
What cancers are associated with asbestos exposure?
A:
•
Malignant mesothelioma (pleural cancer)
