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Neuro Exam 3 > Reticular Formation And Cerebellum > Flashcards

Reticular Formation And Cerebellum Flashcards

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0
Q

Where do the midbrain raphe nuclei project?

A

Projects to all regions of the cortex

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1
Q

Where r the raphe nuclei located?

A

Median reticular formation

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2
Q

Where does the medullary raphe nuclei project to?

A

Spinal cord for pain suppression

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3
Q

Where does the nucleus raphe Magnus project to?

A

Dorsal horn of spinal cord

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4
Q

What neurotransmitter is associated w the raphe nuclei?

A

Serotonin

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5
Q

Where does the raphe pontine nucleus project

A

Higher brain areas ex. Cortex

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6
Q

What is the raphe spinal tract?

A
  • It’s a nerve Tract that Modulates pain transmission
  • Begins in Dorsal Raphe Nucleus (midbrain)
  • Decussates at midbrain level
  • Synapses on/ projects to interneurons in laminae I, II, V of s.c.
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7
Q

What is the relationship btw the periaquiductal gray and pain control

A

The PAG inhibits incoming pain signals via the raphe spinal tract

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8
Q

What is the relationship btw the PAG and motor behavior

A

Regulates heart and respiration rates. Initiates defensive and reproductive behavior. Panic behavior

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9
Q

What is the input to the PAG

A

Ascending sensory systems, limbic system

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10
Q

What is the locus cerules

A

The brains watch tower- vigilance and attention. Alerts cortex to novel stimuli

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11
Q

Where is the locus cerulus

A

Rostral pons

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12
Q

What sends input to locus ceruleus

A

Brainstem nuclei, hypothalamus, forebrain

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13
Q

What is the target of the locus ceruleus

A

Projects to entire cerebral cortex

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14
Q

What neurotransmitter is associated w the locus ceruleus

A

Norepinephrine

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15
Q

Where is the ventral tegmental area

A

Floor of midbrain ( mesencephalon)

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16
Q

Two tracts that arise from the ventral tegmental area

A

Mesocortical fibers- to cerebral cortex

Mesolimbic fibers- to nucleus accumbens

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17
Q

Two targets of VTA?

A

Nucleus accumbens

Entire cerebral cortex

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18
Q

VTA neurotransmitter?

A

Dopamine

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19
Q

What is the effect of VTA stimulation?

A

Mesocortical fibers - thinking planning

Mesolimbic fibers- emotional reward, drug dependency

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20
Q

Describe the relationship btw dorsolateral pontine tegmentum and hypothalamus

A

The ascending reticular activating system when active, inhibits the activity in the preoptica area of the hypothalamus producing wakefulness.

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21
Q

Activity in the lateral hypothalamus helps maintain….

A

State of wakefulness

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22
Q

If the preoptica area is dominant….

A

The dorsolateral pontine tegmentum is turned off and sleep is induced

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23
Q

Where is the cerebellum located?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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24
Primary function of cerebellum?
Provides motor coordination
25
Purkinje cells connect to
Cerebellar nucleus
26
What structure connects the Cerebellar nucleus to the mossy fiber
Cerebellar peduncle
27
Mossy fibers connect to
Granular cells
28
Parallel fibers connect what two cells
Purkinje and granular
29
Cortical connections have what three fibers?
Mossy, parallel, and climbing fibers
30
Three major cells of basic cortical connections
Granular cell Purkinje cell Cerebellar nuclear cell
31
Mossy fibers arise from
Spinal cord and brainstem sensory pathways
32
What r granular cells
Excitatory cells that give rise to parallel fibers
33
What cell activates granular cells
Mossy fibers
34
Activation of granular cells produces
Simple spikes from purkinje cells
35
Purkinje cells r inhibitory/excitatory and leave/ reside in Cerebellar cortex
Inhibitory, leave Cerebellar cortex
36
Climbing fibers arise from
Inferior olive
37
Climbing fibers provide
Excitatory input to purkinje dendrites and cause purkinje cell to produce complex spikes
38
Neurotransmitter involved in cortical connections
GABA
39
What fiber exits Cerebellar cortex and where's it go?
Purkinje fibers project to Cerebellar nuclei
40
Name the three peduncles that connect cerebellum w brainstem ( in or out)
Inferior Cerebellar peduncle- in (and out) Middle Cerebellar peduncle- in Superior Cerebellar peduncle- out (and in)
41
What is the only sensory system that directly projects into cerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum
42
What sense is carried by spinocerebellar tracts?
Balance
43
3 physiological and anatomical subdivisions of cerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum- flocculonodular lobe Spinocerebellum- paravermal (medial hemisphere) Neocerebellum- lateral hemisphere
44
In the CTCC Loop, purkinje cells project to what
Cerebellar nuclei
45
In the CTCC Loop, Cerebellar nuclei project to what
Thalamus
46
In the CTCC Loop, thalamus project to what
Motor cortex
47
In the CTCC Loop, motor cortex project to what
Basilar pons
48
In the CTCC Loop, basilar pons project to what
Mossy fibers and granular cells
49
In the CTCC Loop, granular cells project to what
Purkinje
50
In the CTCC Loop, what section r the Cerebellar signals relayed
Motor cortex
51
Lesion of flocculonodular lobe causes
Nystagmus, truncal ataxia
52
Lesion of vernal/ paravermal lobe causes
Stance and gait ataxia
53
Lesion of lateral hemisphere causes
Involvement of arm and speech
54
What is the effect of the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum on sleep
If the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum is turned on, wakefulness dominates. If the tegmentum is switched off, sleep dominates.
55
What is the effect of the hypothalamus preoptica area on sleep
If the preoptica area is activated, sleep dominates. If the preoptica is inhibited, wakefulness dominates.
56
Raphe nuclei input
PAG
57
Raphe nuclei output
Brainstem and spinal cord: pain control | Cortex: alertness and focus
58
Substantia nigra input
Other basal ganglia
59
Substantial nigra output
Striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen)

Neuro Exam 3 (4 decks)

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