RETINA - CONGENTIAL VASCULAR RETINOPATHIES Flashcards
what is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)?
Occurs in premature infants (<32 weeks) or low birth weight infants (4lbs) who receive oxygen therapy.
what is the pathophysiology of ROP?
- Infants are put into an oxygen therapy chamber –> leads to immature blood vessels vasoconstrict & stop developing in response to high oxygen concentration (Vaso-obliterative) –> returning to normal oxygen levels results in an oxygen deficiency that cannot be met by the infant’s vessels –> leads to Vaso-proliferation w/ the attendant complication of vitreous hemes & tractional RD. –> can then lead to scarring (cicatricial).
what are symptoms of ROP?
asymptomatic
stages w/ signs of ROP?
Stages of ROP:
* Stage 1 - demarcation line which separates the vascular and avascular zones.
* Stage 2 - appearance of a ridge on demarcation line.
* Stage 3 - vessels grow (neo) into & above the ridge.
* Stage 4 - neo can cause rubbing which can cause tractional retinal detachment w/ macula on or macula off.
* Stage 5 - leads to the whole retina coming off (total RD) –> leads to leukocoria.
what is the most common location of ROP?
peripheral temporal retina.
tx/managment for ROP?
- monitor every 1-2 weeks until the peripheral retina bceomes vascularized.
- if neo - PRP or cryotherapy.
- if RD - surgery
what is coat’s Dz?
It is congenital, idiopathic, progressive exudative retinopathy (vascular abnormality that causes leakage of exudates).
what is the epidemiology of coat’s Dz?
- congenital
- progressive
- young boys <10 y/o
signs of coat’s Dz?
characterized by:
1. telangiectatic retinal vessels
2. hard exudates
3. intraretinal hemes
can also have:
* strabismus –> if onset is early.
* exudative RD - from exudates
* if exudative RD is not tx –> leukocoria
* NVG
tx/managment for coat’s Dz?
tx aimed to control leaky vessels:
* PRP
* cryotherapy
* if present, tx galucoma
what are symptoms of coat’s Dz?
- decreased vision
