Reveiw

Question 1

major function of cardiovascular system

Answer 1

transport blood

Question 2

size of heart

Answer 2

about the size of a fist

Question 3

where is heart located

Answer 3

between the lungs

Question 4

receiving chambers of the heart

Answer 4

atria

Question 5

describe the flow of blood starting with IVC and SVC

Answer 5

in through superior vena cava, to right atrium, through tricuspid, down into right ventricle, up to the left atrium and out to the lungs, back into the heart through left ventricle and up through bicuspid, to the left atrium and out into the blood stream.

Question 6

heart enclosed by double-walled sac called

Answer 6

pericardium

Question 7

pericardial fluid andbthats it’s function

Answer 7

found between parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium, it acts as lubricant to prevent friction when heart beats

Question 8

bundle of his and its function

Answer 8

group of fiber located within the interventricalar septum (av bundle)

Question 9

what are the perkinje fibers and it’s function

Answer 9

cause ventricles of heart to contract

Question 10

definition of bradycardia

Answer 10

slow heart rate(below 60bpm) lack of potassium(K) can cause the heart to stop beating

Question 11

what is the definition of tachycardia

Answer 11

rapid heart rate(over 100bpm)

Question 12

SA node is called…. of the heart

Answer 12

pacemaker

Question 13

lack of blood supply to heart, can cause…

Answer 13

fibrillation, rapid uncoordinated shuddering of the heart muscles

Question 14

what is the cardiac cycle

Answer 14

one complete heart beat

Question 15

what is cardiac out put

Answer 15

amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart in 1min

Question 16

lack of what heart beat can cause the heart to stop beating

Answer 16

K potassium

Question 17

layer of artery walk wall that thickensmist in arteriosclerosis

Answer 17

tunic intima

Question 18

location of apex of the heart

Answer 18

lowest part, points down to left hip

Question 19

functions of lymphatic system

Answer 19

absorbs fat and fat soluble vitamins from small intestine, remove waste from tissues and provide aid to the immune system

Question 20

functions of lymph nodes

Answer 20

protect the body by removing foregion materials using the lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 21

functions of the spleen

Answer 21

cleanse and filter the blood and destroy worn out RBCs

Question 22

functions of the thymus

Answer 22

peaks during youth, makes thymosin which programs certain lymphocytes

Question 23

functions of tonsils

Answer 23

trap and remove any bacteria or other foregion materials entering the throat

Question 24

function of peyers patches

Answer 24

resemble and act like tonsils, found in small intestine

Question 25

what does MALT represent

Answer 25

tonsils

Question 26

first and second defense lines for non specific defense system

Answer 26

skin, mucous membranes and secretion of them. phagocytic leukocytes, antimicrobial proteins, inflammatory response and fever

Question 27

state of being resistant to a specific disease

Answer 27

immune

Question 28

normal respiratory rate for adult

Answer 28

12-20rpm

Question 29

another name for trachea and location

Answer 29

windpipe, midchest

Question 30

lungs location

Answer 30

entire thoracic cavity

Question 31

where pulmonary arteries, veins and bronchi enter and exit the lungs

Answer 31

hilum

Question 32

respiratory acidosis

Answer 32

lungs can't remove enough CO2, PH below 7.35rpm

Question 33

pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 33

scar tissue in lungs

Question 34

what does the diaphragm do when you inhale

Answer 34

contracts, moved inferiorly and flattens out

Question 35

where is epiglottis located, referred to and why?

Answer 35

entrance of larynx, guards airways, because of where it is

Question 36

digestive system is divided into two

Answer 36

alimentary canal and accessory organs

Question 37

trace the stages of digestive system starting with mouth

Answer 37

mouth- pharnyx- esophagus- cardioeaphoagel sphincter- stomach- phylorix sphincter- duodenum- jejunum- ileum- ileoceca valve- cecum- ascending colon- transverse colon- descending colon- sigmoid colon- rectum- anal canal- anus

Question 38

another name for esophagus and function

Answer 38

gullet, conduct food to the stomach

Question 39

terminal part of the stomach is the

Answer 39

funnel shaped pyloris

Question 40

list the 3rd line defense of adaptive defense mechanism

Answer 40

lymphocytes, antibodies and memory cells

Question 41

most important anti-microbial proteins

Answer 41

complete proteins and interferon

Question 42

inflammatory response

Answer 42

non specific response triggered whenever the body tissues are injured

Question 43

explain two different types of acquired immunity and distinguish between active and passive immunity in each

Answer 43

naturally(active) contact with pathogens, (passive) fetus transfer, artificially active - vaccine, passive immunoglobulin(IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE)

Question 44

autograft

Answer 44

tissue transplanted from one site to another on same body

Question 45

isograft

Answer 45

tissue graft taken from same genetics(only identical twins)

Question 46

allograft

Answer 46

tissue taken from a person other than identical twins

Question 47

xenograft

Answer 47

harvested from different animal species

Question 48

list classes of immunoglobulin

Answer 48

IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE

Question 49

functions of the respiratory system

Answer 49

transport oxygen to body, disposes carbon monoxide, regulate blood PH

Question 50

list organs in order of air flow starting with the nasal cavity

Answer 50

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx,trachea, bronchi, lungs, bronchioles

Question 51

functions of stomach

Answer 51

temporary storage tank and food break down

Question 52

region of stomach does most of the digestion occur

Answer 52

pyloric region

Question 53

what happens in small intestine

Answer 53

nearly all food absorption occurs

Question 54

bile is produced in the

Answer 54

liver

Question 55

functions of ileocecal valve

Answer 55

connects large and small intestine

Question 56

functions of the large intestine

Answer 56

dry out the indigestible food by absorbing water, eliminate residues as feces

Question 57

functions often gallbladder

Answer 57

store bile

Question 58

catabolism

Answer 58

process in which living cells break down substances into simpler substances; destructive retabolism

Question 59

metabolism

Answer 59

sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in the body

Question 60

anabolism

Answer 60

energy-requiring building phase of metabolism in which simpler substances are combined into more complex substances

Question 61

crohns

Answer 61

autoimmune disease inflammation of digestive tract stomach pain, weight loss,fatigue, malnutrition

Question 62

gallstones

Answer 62

particles of hardened cholesterol or calcium salts that are occasionally formed in gallbladder and bile ducts

Question 63

absorption

Answer 63

nutrients are digested and transported by the body