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History; Medicine > Reverse dates > Flashcards

Reverse dates Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

1348

A

The Black death; nearly 1/2 of UK die.
Cause; miasma, Jews, bright clothing, four humours, cats & dogs
Treatment; prayers, bleed/purge charms, other smells; flower masks and candles, flagellation

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2
Q

1543

A

Fabric of the human body
Vesalius; professor of surgery at Padua University; and Titian
Training manual and dissections included

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3
Q

1530s

A

Dissolution of the monastries; hospitals taken over by charities and local authorites.
Church weakens; dissecton

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4
Q

1628

A

An anatomical account of the motion of the heart and blood

Harvey; disproves bloodletting - ignored

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5
Q

1665

A

Great Plague; 100,000 die
Government realise it’s contagious; London mayor orders quarantine-month, searchers, no cats/dog/pigeons, rakers, burials sunset/rise.
Don’t know what causes it so relapse

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6
Q

1700s

A

46 new hospitals open
Warm, clean, food and bed, prayer, herbal remedies and bled
Some now admit infectious diseases

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7
Q

1721

A

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu innoculates her children

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8
Q

1796

A

Jenner gives James Phipps smallpox - natural immunity.

Tests on 23 others to verify

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9
Q

1798

A

Jenner pays for report to be published
RS refuse
Couldn’t explain, unnatural, Gillray, Drs lose patients and careless

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10
Q

1802

A

Jennerian society founded
Jenner awarded in recognition
J.S offers free vaccinations; 12,000 vaccinated

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11
Q

1831

A

Cholera - dehydration - kills thousands

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12
Q

1842

A

A report on the sanitary conditions of the labouring population
Edward Chadwick
Statistics about the poor; poor not to blame; need to act-rich should pay highr taxes
Believes in miasma

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13
Q

1848

A

1st Public Health act

Board of health (1854) but not compulsory

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14
Q

1852

A

Small pox vaccine made ‘compulsory’ government start to take more responsibility

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15
Q

1854

A

John Snow links cholera and dirty water; removes pump handle on Broad St.-no GT
Public Board of health disbanded
Crimean war; Nightingale reduces death rate from 40% - 2%

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16
Q

1855

A

Bazalgette draws up sewer plans; believes in miasma - wash away smells

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17
Q

1858

A

Great Stink; Parliament forced to move - something needs to be done; river pollution act and finance Bazalgette’s sewers
General Medical council; Drs registered

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18
Q

1861

A

Germ Theory - Louis Pasteur
Investigating wine; microbes in air
Know the cause; can prevent
Technology; microscope

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19
Q

1864

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A

Factory act; unhealthy conditions illegal

20
Q

1866

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A

Sanitary act; inspectors to monitor water and waste disposal

Bazalgette’s sewers complete

21
Q

1875

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A

Public health act II; orced to supply clean water/public toilets/drains & sewerage

Artisan dwelling act; can buy & demonlish slums (Chamberlain Birmingham)

22
Q

1876

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A

Koch discovers the anthrax microbe - specific bacteria

23
Q

1879

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A

Chicken cholera vaccinations

24
Q

1882

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A

Tuberculosis vaccination

25
1884
Cholera vaccination - Koch | All working men get the vote; have to listen to get elected
26
1885
Rabies vaccination; young boy bitten by dog - 13 injections
27
1889
Life and labour of the people in London - Booth; recommends Gov. action; pensions Boer War; 38% unfit to fit
28
1901
Poverty; a study of town life -Rowntree; impact on health
29
1906
First liberal social reform; school meals offered to poorer children
30
1907
Liberal social reform; School medical service-nurses (expensive)
31
1908
Pensions; elderly 70+ | Not enough to buy basics
32
1909
Back-back housing demolished; improve living conditions | Salvason 606-first chemical bullet, government funded research team (Erlich's), Dr Hata reviews - syphillis
33
1911
National Isurance act; 15 weeks sick pay and medical insurance Only for workers - mothers
34
1914
WW1 starts; catalyst
35
1928
Fleming discovers penicillin - chemist - noticed mould killing bacteria culture in dirty petri dish researchs
36
1929
Fleming publishes work | WSC meas there isn't funding & uncharismatic
37
1932
Prontosil - Domagk Forced to test on dying daugther; cures blood poisoning Active ingredient; sulohonamide isolated; pneumonia/scarlet fever/meningitis
38
1938
Florey and Chain read Fleming's work | Government funding to test on humans; grow in milk bottles and test on mice
39
1941
Penicillin tested on patient; run out and he dies - difficulty of mass production
40
1942
America in war and realise potential; give $80million; have the technology and factories - pfizer; ice cream freeze dry for mass production for D-day Beveridge report; recommends creation of NHS - paid by NI from wages, and free. Drs&nurses employed by government
41
1948
NHS founded; Aneurin Bevan Inspirational speeches Overcomes opposition-compromise; Doctors and public-lazy poor, councils lose control of hospitals Training; 7 years and standardized Tech; blood transfusions, X-rays,, radiotherapy, chemo, dialysis, CAT and MRI
42
1851
Glasses and prescription costs introduced - costs soar Rosalind Franklin photographs DNA with X-rays
43
1853
Watson and Crick discover DNA structure; double helix | 1862 - win nobel prize
44
1980
Small pox eradicated, vaccination programs enforced by Govenment; HPV
45
1934
Free milk available; fit and healthy population in interwar period, health clinics, slums cleared - WW2 imminent
46
1986
Human Genome Project ends 2001 - 18 countries; maps out purpose of every gene in the body; identify those which cause hereditary disease Genetic screening; prenatal Stem cells; embryos; potential Gene therapy; insert 'normal' genes; potential

History; Medicine (6 decks)

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