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1
Q

Uses in research?

Unique husbandry requirements?

A

Octodon degus (Degu or trumpet-tailed rat)

Research

  1. Spontaneous DM d/t islet amyloidosis
  2. Precocious neonates are models of neurobiological development patterns
  3. Diurnal sleep patterns model human sleep/wake cycle & circadian rhythms
  4. Herbivore foraging & digestion patterns during seasonal changes
  5. Cataract formation secondary to DM

Husbandry

  1. Require dust bath 2X weekly
  2. Induced ovulators
  3. Long gestation for rodent = 90 days
  4. Spin like a top when held by tail = use fish nets to capture/restrain
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2
Q
A

Loris tardigradus (Slender loris)

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2
Q

CITES? Research uses?

A

Aotus spp. (Owl/Night monkeys)

All owl monkeys listed in BB are Cites II

Malaria (P. falciparum & P. vivax), leishmaniasis, herpesviral oncogenesis, hepatitis A, vision research

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2
Q
A

Macaca fuscata (Japanese macaque)

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3
Q

Uses in research?

Unique genetic characteristic?

A

Oryzomys palustris (Rice rat)

Research

  1. Periodontal disease: spontaneous & accelerated on high sucrose diet
  2. Effect of photoperiod on reproduction
  3. Pineal gland function & effect of melatonin on reproduction
  4. Genetic damage due to metal pollutants

Unique characteristic

  1. Robertsonian chromosome polymorphism: varying diploid number
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4
Q
A

Suncus murinus (Musk shrew)

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4
Q
A

Nycticebus coucang (Slow loris)

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4
Q

CITES? Research uses?

A

Saguinus oedipus (Cotton-top tamarin)

Cites I (along with S. bicolor, S. geoffroyi, S. leucopus)

Chronic colitis, colon cancer

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4
Q

Cites status

Research uses

A

Saguinus labiatus - White-lipped tamarin

Cites II

Viral hepatitis

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5
Q
A

Bufo bufo (European (Common) toad)

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6
Q
A

Macropus eugenii (Tamar wallaby)

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6
Q

Uses in research?

Unique characteristics?

A

Meriones unguiculatus - Mongolian Gerbil (Sand rat, desert rat, antelope rat, jird)

Research

  1. Stroke
  2. Epilepsy
  3. Infectious dz: protozoa, nematodes (intestinal & filarial), hyatid, cercocystis

Unique characteristics

  1. Incomplete Circle of Willis
  2. Require sand bath
  3. Nasal dermatitis @ humidity >50%
  4. Highly sensitive to Tyzzer’s: most frequently desc fatal dz in gerbils - used as sentinel animal to test for presence of C. piliforme in contaminated bedding
  5. Tail degloving occurs: DO NOT pick up by tail
  6. Seizures: 20-40% by 2 mo old; in response to sensory stimulation & forced exploratory behavior
  7. Fatal toxicity to dihydrostreptomycin injection
  8. Develop spongiform lesions in dendrites & glia of brain stem
  9. Cystic ovaries occur frequently: removal of single affected ovary does NOT sig affect performance
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6
Q

Use in research?

A

Limulus polyphemus (horshoe crab)

LAL assay for endotoxin

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7
Q

Research uses? CITES?

A

Callithrix jacchus jacchus (Common marmoset)

Parkinson’s dz, allergic encephalomyelitis (model for MS), idiopathic hemochromatosis

CITES II (although C. aurita, and C. flaviceps are in CITES I)

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8
Q

Uses in research?

A

Monodelphis domestica (Short gray-tailed opossum)

Used in cancer & transplant research b/c females lack a pouch making the neonates readily accessible

Lack of pouch is unique among marsupials

Also used in development & immunologic studies

Genome has been fully sequenced

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9
Q
A

Macaca nigra (Celebes black macaque)

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10
Q

What is the only squirrel monkey listed as CITES I?

A

Saimiri oerstedii (Central American squirrel monkey)

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11
Q

CITES? Research uses?

A

Saguinus mystax (Moustached tamarin)

Cites II

Viral hepatitis

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12
Q

Uses in research?

Unique characteristics?

Unique disease?

A

Mystromys albicaudatus (White-tailed rat)

Research

  1. DM: develops spontaneously & is not assoc with obesity
  2. American cutaneous leishmaniasis: Leishmania braziliensis
  3. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

Unique characteristics

  1. No cheek pouches, although it is in the Cricetinea (hamsters)
  2. 2 pairs of inguinal mammae

Unique disease

  1. Fatal Enteric Syndrome assoc. with ingestion of topical BNP
  2. Inherited condition of partial oculocutaneous albinism - similar to Chediak-Higashi syndrome
  3. Tyzzer’s Dz in immunosuppressed animals
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13
Q

CITES?

A

Callithrix pygmea - Pygmy marmoset

Originally listed as CITES appendix I d/t pet-trade

Downgraded to CITES II

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13
Q
A

Callicebus spp. (Titi monkeys)

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13
Q
A

Papio hamadryas (Hamadryad baboon)

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14
Q
A

Bufo americanus (American toad)

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15
Q

Listed as reservoir for what disease?

A

Tamias striatus (Eastern chipmunk)

Lyme Disease (Borreliosis)

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17
***Sciuris carolinensis*** (Gray squirrel)
19
***Pan paniscus*** (Pygmy (bonobo) chimpanzee)
20
***Sciurus niger*** (Fox squirrel
20
***Trachemys scripta*** (fRed-eared slider)
21
***Cricetulus griseus*** (Chinese Hamster)
22
***Gorilla gorilla*** (Gorilla)
23
***Mustela putorius furo*** (ferret)
23
***Tursiops truncatus*** (Atlantic bottlenose dolphin)
24
Uses in research? Unique characteristics? Known as reservoir of what dzs?
***Peromyscus spp.*** (White-footed or deer mice) - *P. leucopus* is shown Use in research 1. Genetics 2. Physiology 3. Aging 4. Cataracts 5. Behavior 6. Infectious dz (zoonotic dz): Hantavirus, Lyme dz, VSV, Ehrlichia, Babesia, Tyrpanosomiasis, Tularemia Unique characteristics 1. _Resistant to MHV_ 2. _Molt_ once a year 3. Special precautions must be taken if wild-caught animals are used: they must be screened for a number of diseases Reservoir of Lyme Disease (Borreliosis) and Hantavirus
25
***Arvicanthis niloticus*** (Nile grass rat)
26
***Macaca fascicularis*** (Cynomolgus macaque)
27
***Macaca arctoides*** (Stumped-tailed macaque
28
Uses in research?
***Microtus*** sp (Vole) **M. orchrogaster** used to study physiology of vomeronasal organ and how chemosensory cues affect courtship, territorial marking, aggression, and reproduction. Also, M. ochrogaster is monogamous, and _studies have focused on neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin control of pair-bonding, paternal care, maternal care, and mate-guarding_. **M. pennsylvanicus** is polygamous and somewhat antisocial and is used as a contrasting species in the above studies. General research 1. Nutritional studies: bioassay animal for protein content, digestibility, & presence of toxins 2. Epileptiform seizures: induced by handling & environmental stress 3. Infectious dz: Lyme dz, Babesiosis, Trypanasomiasis 4. Physiology of vomeronasal organ 5. Chemically induced DM
28
***Symphalangus syndactylus*** (Siamang)
29
***Lemur catta*** (Ring-tailed lemur)
30
Research uses?
***Perodicticus potto*** (Potto) Behavior and locomotion Altruistic behavior has been described in captive Potto
31
Uses in research?
***Hermissenda crassicornis*** (Pacific sea slug) Learning, memory, toxicity (lead)
32
***Macaca mulatta*** (Rhesus macaque)
33
***Pongo pygmaeus*** (Orang-utan)
35
***Bos indicus*** (Cattle (Zebu))
36
Use in research?
***Marmota monax*** (Woodchuck) * Viral hepatitis & HCC d/t WHV - model of human HepB * Hibernation: obligate hibernator
38
Unique traits?
***Heterocephalus glaber*** (Naked mole rat) * Very long lived (upto 28 yrs) for a rodent * Resistant to cancer * **_Eusociality_**: colonies of overlapping generations in which only a few individuals produce all the offspring & the rest function as "sterile" workers. * Insects commonly live this way (bees, wasps, ants, etc) * Naked moles rats are the ONLY MAMMAL that exhibits eusociality
39
Use/significance in research?
***Neotoma*** sp (Wood rat or Pack rat) They are a natural source of zoonotic or potentially zoonotic agents 1. Murine Typhus - *Rickettisia typhus* 2. *Brucella neotoma* 3. Chaga's Dz - *T. cruzi* 4. Plague - *Y. pestis* 5. Lyme Dz - Borreliosis 6. Ehrlichiosis 7. Hantavirus - Sin Nombre virus They have _anti-hemorrhagic factor serum_ against rattlesnake venom (like Cotton rat & Opossum)
40
***Mustela vison*** (Mink)
41
***Macaca radiata*** (Bonnet macaque)
42
Uses in research? Unique husbandry requirements? Unique conditions?
***Sigmodon hispidus & S. fulviventer*** (Cotton rat) Research: many uses 1. _Gene therapy for Cystic Fibrosis_ & developement of adenoviral vectors 2. _Viral resp tract dz_s: RSV, measles, paramyxoviruses, parainfluenza, human adenovirus 3. Ocular adenovirus is the only model of epidemic KCS 4. Natural reservoir of Lyme dz, Hantavirus & VEE 5. Many viral, protozoan, metazoan & bacterial pathogens can infect cotton rats Husbandry 1. _Aggressive_ and jump out of cage 2. Tail easily degloves - _DO NOT pickup by tail_ 3. Cage changes req 2X weekly Unique conditions 1. Exophthalmos d/t right heart failure at 3-12 mths of age 2. Wide variation in chromsome # among Cotton rat species
43
***Aplysia californica*** (Sea hare)
45
***Mandrillus (Papio) sphinx*** (Mandrill)
46
Cattle (domestic)
***Bos taurus***
47
Use in research? Unique characteristics?
***Mastomys*** sp - Multimammate rat (has also referred to mouse) Research 1. Extensively used in the study of infectious dz * Yersinia pestis * Mycobacterium ulcerans * Leptospirosis * Leishmaniasis * Lassa fever virus * Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus * pathogenesis of many parasitic diseases 2. Spontaneously develop _Gastric carcinoid_ (neuroendocrine tumor) and are a model of _Zollinger Ellison syndrome_ (gastrin-secreting tumor of pancreas) in humans 3. Endogenous papilloma virus that produces cutaneous tumors on activation Unique characteristics 1. 8-12 pairs of mammary glands (hence the name of the animal) 2. _Prostate gland in females_ & males 3. Submandibular salivary glands are richest available source of NERVE GROWTH FACTOR 4. Develop _autoimmune thyroiditis_ & membranous glomerulonephritis 5. High incidence of DJD & OA in aged animals
48
***Papio anubis*** (Olive baboon)
50
***Alouatta*** spp. (Howler)
51
***Cercocebus torquatus atys*** (Sooty mangabey)
52
White-tailed deer
***Odocoilius virginianus***
54
***Oryzias latipes*** (Medaka)
56
Chicken Research uses?
***Gallus domesticus*** 1. _Hereditary muscular dystrophy_: autosomal recessive in _White Leghorn & New Hampshires_ observed as fatty degeneration & atrophy of pectoralis mm. 2. _Hashimoto thyroiditis_: hereditary autoimmune thyroiditis 3. Gout 4. Viral leukemia & oncogenesis 5. Eggs are used for viral culture & vaccine production
57
It develops what kind of tumor that is unique to the species?
***Phodopus sungorus*** (Djungarian dwarf hamster) _Androgen-dependent atypical fibromas_ are benign tumors derived from ganglion-cell-like cells that are particular to Djungarian hamsters It generally has a high incidence of neoplasia: Mammary AC, Lung Sarcoma, SCC are most common JAALAS 2011 50(4):523 - describes development of atypical fibrosarcoma (malignancy of atypical fibromas is rare)...shown below
58
***Ateles*** spp. (Spider monkey)
60
***Peromyscus maniculatus*** (Common deer mouse)
61
***Mesocricetus auratus*** (Syrian Hamster)
63
Uses in research? Unique traits?
***Didelphis virginiana*** Research 1. _Esophageal burn_ research b/c musculature is similar to human 2. Toxicology, immunology & transplants 3. _Bacterial vegetative endocarditis_: occurs naturally or is induced with single IV injection of *Strep viridans* Unique traits 1. _Resistant to Rabies_ (300X greater than dog) & snake venom 2. _Most teeth_ of any mammal = 52 3. _Opposable big toe_ on front feet 4. _Prehensile tail_ 5. Exhibit _catatonia_ = feigned death
64
***Erythrocebus patas*** (Patas monkey)
65
***Psammomys obesus*** (Obese sand rat)
66
***Acomys cahirinus*** (Egyptian spiny mouse)
67
Research uses?
***Coturnix coturnix japonica*** (Japanese Quail) _Atherosclerosis_ research: 95% of males on atherogenic diet develop lesions that persist after stopping the diet
68
Significance?
***Calomys callosus*** (Vesper mouse) Identified as a rodent **reservoir of Hantavirus** and the **Machupo virus** which causes Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever
69
CITES?
***Saguinus leucopus*** (White-footed tamarin) **Cites I**
70
***Papio cynocephalus*** (Yellow baboon)
71
Research uses?
***Anolis carolinensis*** (American anole) Reproductive morphology & behavior
73
Uses in research?
***Daubentonia madagascariensis*** - Aye-aye Foraging behavior & locomotion
75
Guinea pig
***Cavia porcellus***
76
Research uses? Unique diseases?
***Spermophilus*** sp (Ground squirrel) 1. Hibernation 2. Hepatitis B 3. HCC 4. Cholesterol-fed Richardson's ground squirrel used as model of _gall stone formation_ Ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV) Susceptible to experimental infection with Western equine encephalomyeitis virus (WEEV) Carry Plaque
77
***Ochotona*** sp (pika)
78
Cites appendix status Uses in research
***Saimiri sciureus*** Squirrel monkey (Guyanese) - gothic arch Bolivian squirrel monkeys - ***Saimiri boliviensis*** - roman arch Cites status II Malaria, prion diseases (CJD), labor & delivery
79
***Ambystoma tigrinum*** (Tiger salamander)
80
Uses in research? Unique biological traits? Husbandy requirements?
***Chinchilla laniger*** (Chinchilla - Long-tailed) Research 1. _Auditory studies of OM_: d/t large tympanic bulla & resistance to OM 2. Pathogenesis of Chaga's dz 3. Atherosclerosis Biological traits 1. _Yersinosis_ outbreaks are commonly described 2. _Fur slip_ is a predator avoidance mechanism 3. _Paraphimosis_ may result from _fur ring_ around penis/prepuce: causes overgrooming, most often acquired during copulation Husbandry 1. Habitually _dust bathe_ - need daily mix of silver sand & Fuller's earth 2. _Vaginal closure membrane_: opens only during estrus 3. _Cooler housing temp_ preferred (68F) 4. Fur slip leaves bald spots not to be confused with fur chewing vice
81
***Chlorocebus aethiops*** (African Green Monkey)
82
Significance?
***Trichosurus vulpecula*** (Brush Tail opossum) * _Banned from importation_ into the US b/c they are a _major reservoir of *Mycobacterium bovis*_ in New Zealand * Very aggressive and difficult to handle
83
***Macaca nemestrina*** (Pig-tailed macaque)
84
***Canis latrans*** (coyote)
85
***Canis rufus*** (red wolf)
86
***Canis lupus*** (grey wolf)
87
Research uses? Unique medical conditions?
**Cynomys ludovicianus** (Prairie dog) 1. _Monkeypox_ animal model: recent outbreak occured in prairie dogs after importation of infected rodents from Africa 2. Biliary physiology & gallstone formation 3. Antibiotic-induced diarrhea: cefoxitin induces C. difficile colitis _Odontoma_: common cause of upper resp dz _Respiratory dz_ is common in captive prarie dogs _HCC_ associated with chronic hepatitis
88
Does this animal hibernate? Use in research
**Geomys** (Eastern Pocket Gopher) NO Animal model for _molecular evolution_
89
Unique husbandry requirements? Use in research?
Dypodomys spp. - D. spectabalis is shown Kangaroo rats _Husbandry_ 1. DO NOT provide ad lib water - become addicted & develop DI-like syndrome 2. Dust baths are required 3. Fragile tails _Research_ 1. Renal physiology/water conservation 2. Behavior 3. Disuse osteoporosis 4. Decompression sickness (the Bends)
90
Use in research? Unique husbandry requirements?
***Onychomys spp.*** (Grasshopper mice) Research 1. Behavior studies: aggression, predatory behavior, discrimination learning 2. Lyme dz: transmission via urine 3. Toxicology: carcinogenesis 4. Population genetics Husbandry 1. _Carnivorous_: feed fresh mouse carcasses, canned dog food, supplement with seeds 2. Requires _dust bath_ Convulsive seizures & limb deformities have been reported
91
Uses in research? Unique husbandry requirement? Special concerns???
***Zygodontomys spp*** (Cane mouse) Research 1. Model for evolutionary quantitative genetics & evolutionary divergence 2. Infectious dz: Yellow fever virus, VEE, Cocal virus (rhabdovirus), Guanarito virus Husbandry 1. _Omnivorous_: supplement mouse chow with dry cat food & frozen veggies 2. _Aggressive_: handle with leather gloves Special concern * Natural host of _Guanarito virus_ - causes _Venezuelan Hemorrhagic Fever_ in humans
92
Primary use in research? Unique traits?
***Dasypus novemcintus*** (Nine-banded Armadillo) Research * Considered the animal model for studying _Lepromatous leprosy_...*Mycobacterium leprae* * produces systemic dissemination more freq than in humans * Only biological system for producing mass quantities of M. leprae * 40% of wild animals are susceptible Unique traits 1. Litters regularly consist of 4-8 monozygotic offspring = _identical twins_
93
Strepsirhini or Haplorhini? Uses in research?
***Galago sp*** - Bush baby, Nagapies Strepsirhini Lab Animal April 2012 Model of the Month Aging research Risk assessment and foraging behavior
94
***Saguinus imperator*** - Emperor tamarin NOT *Saguinus mystax*
95
Significance? Uses in research?
***Procavia capensis*** - Rock hyrax Possible reservoir for cutaneous leishmaniasis (*Leishmania tropica*) Leishmania studies Hearing, behavior, poplulation dynamics
96
Uses in research?
***Ictidomys tridecemlineatus*** - 13-lined ground squirrel Diurnal vision & functional reliance on cone photoreceptors Hypometabolism Hypothermia Starvation Diabetes CNS trauma

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