Reverse glossary Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
States that anxiety can be beneficial up to a plateau of optimal functioning.
A
Yerkes-Dodson law
2
Q
Speech that is reduced to senseless repetition of sounds or phrases.
A
Word salad
3
Q
Physical or psychological effects from cessation of a substance after prolonged, repeated or high use
A
Withdrawal syndrome
4
Q
An acute encephalopathy which may be seen in chronic alcoholism, due to thiamine deficiency, presenting with delirium, nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia and ataxia.
A
Wernicke’s encephalophy
5
Q
In the context of psychodynamic psychotherapy, refers to the patient’s relationship with the therapist in connection to previous relationships held with others.
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Transference
6
Q
Need for increasing quantity of substance to produce desired effects
A
Tolerance
7
Q
Repeated, sudden, involuntary, irregular movements involving a group of muscles.
A
Tics
8
Q
Belief that thoughts are being extracted form the mid by external agency.
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Thought withdrawal
9
Q
Belief that thoughts are being put into the mind from an outside agency.
A
Thought insertion
10
Q
The belief that thoughts are audible to others of being broadcast to the public.
A
Thought broadcast
11
Q
Sudden cessation to flow of thoughts
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Thought blocking
12
Q
Ability or competency of a person to make a will. May be impaired in dementia and psychiatrists of the elderly may be asked to assess this.
A
Testamentary capacity
13
Q
Late onset choreoathetoid movements (abnormal, involuntary movements) may be a result of antipsychotic use.
A
Tardive dyskinesia
14
Q
Diversion from original train of thought but no return to it
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Tangentiality
15
Q
In delirium, cognition often fluctuates and is more impaired at night compared to in the day.
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Sundowning
16
Q
A fatal act of self-harm initiated with the intention of ending one’s own life.
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Suicide
17
Q
Recurrent thoughts about taking one’s own life
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Suicidal ideation
18
Q
Predicts that schizophrenia occurs due to environmental factors interacting with a genetic predisposition.
A
Stress vulnerability model
19
Q
Symptoms relating to the physical body (e.g palpitations, dyspnoea)
A
Somatic symptoms
20
Q
Behaviour is learnt based on observation and imitation.
A
Social learning theory
21
Q
Refers to the sickness and the rights and obligations of those affected. In somatoform disorders this role may be adopted for personal gain.
A
Sick role
22
Q
A rare but life-threatening complication of increased serotonin activity
A
Serotonin syndrome
23
Q
Marked selectivity in speaking depending upon the social situation.
A
Selective mutism
24
Q
If present, are strongly suggestive of schizophrenia (delusional perception, third person auditory hallucinations, thought interference, passivity phenomenon).
A
Schneider’s first rank symptoms
25
Characterized by hallucinations, delusions and thought disorders which lead to functional impairment
Schizophrenia
26
Characterized by both symptoms of schizophrenia and mood disorder (depression or mania) in the same episode of illness.
Schizoaffective disorder
27
Calluses on the back of the hand indicative of self-induced vomiting and therefore a feature of bulimia nervosa.
Russell's sign
28
Repetitively mulling over the same thoughts to the extent that other mental activity is impaired. A feature of PTSD.
Rumination
29
In a psychiatric context it is assessing the risk of self-harm, suicide and/or risk to others
Risk assessment
30
A category of bipolar disorder with a poor prognosis
Rapid cycling
31
Compensatory weightloss behaviours in bulimia nervosa, e.g. self-induced vomiting
purging
32
Development of psychotic symptoms in the post-partum period (usually occurs within 3 weeks).
Puerperal psychosis
33
A mental state in which reality is greatly distorted.
Psychosis
34
Slowing of movements or speech
Psychomotor retardation
35
Excessive activity or restlessness
Psychomotor agitation
36
As with hallucination but recognized by the individual as unreal.
Pseudohallucination
37
Poor concentration and impaired memory are common in depression in the elderly population.
Pseudodementia
38
A symptom or group of symptoms indicating the onset of a disease.
Prodrome
39
A prion is a particle that does not contain DNA or RNA. Known to cause fatal disease of the brain with spongiform degeneration. CJD is an example.
Prion disease
40
Speech is abnormally fast as if there are too many ideas to verbalize at a given moment in time. May be a feature of mania
Pressure of speech
41
Personality or character prior to the onset of psychiatric illness.
Premorbid personality
42
Reduced speech. May be a feature of depression or dementia.
Poverty of speech
43
Onset of depression after having a baby. Usually develops within 3 months of delivery and at its most extreme, patient can have intrusive thoughts of harming the baby.
Postnatal depression
44
In relation to schizophrenia are active symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations and formal thought disorder.
Positive symptoms
45
An intense, irrational fear of an object, situation, place or person that is recognized as excessive (out of proportion to the threat) or unreasonable.
Phobia
46
A group of disorders characterized by delays in the development of socialization and communication skills (e.g autism).
Pervasive development disorder
47
Uncontrollable and often inappropriate repetition of a particular response (e.g word or phrase)
Perseveration
48
Belief that thoughts, sensations and actions being controlled by an external force.
Passivity phenomenon
49
Late onset schizophrenia. Positive symptoms occur in the absence of negative symptoms.
Paraphrenia
50
An isolated, preoccupying, strongly held belief derived through normal mental processes, which dominates a person's life and affects their actions.
Overvalued idea (preoccupation)
51
Delusion that their partner is being unfaithful without having any proof.
Othello syndrome
52
States that consequences of actions (positive or negative) will affect future behaviour.
Operant conditioning
53
Unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts, images or urges that repeatedly enter the individual's mind in a stereotyped form.
Obsession
54
Episode where an individual (commonly a child) wakes suddenly from sleep, screaming in extreme distress and unresponsive to the efforts of others to console them.
Night terror
55
Collective term for psychiatric disorders characterized by distress, that are non-organic, have a discrete onset and where delusions and hallucinations are absent.
Neurosis
56
Rare but life-threatening condition seen in patients taking antipsychotic medication, characterized by pyrexia, muscle rigidity and autonomic instability
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
57
Words or phrases devised by the patient which have no ordinary meaning.
Neologism
58
Are defecits in association with schizophrenia and include apathy, blunting of affect, poverty of thought and speech, social isolation and poor self-care.
Negative symptoms
59
The individual wishes to adopt the sick role inorder to receive the care of patient, for internal emotional gain
Munchausen's syndrome (factitious disorder)
60
Refers to a patient's sustained, subjective, experienced emotion over a period of time
Mood
61
A deficiency in monoamine NTs causes depression.
Monoamine hypothesis
62
The ability to take in information, process it in a structured way, weigh up the options, arrive at a decision and then communicate one's thoughts coherently.
Mental capacity
63
Patient seeks advantageous consequences of being diagnosed with a medical condition. For instance, evading criminal prosecution or receiving benefits.
Malingering
64
A type of formal thought disorder involving the loss of the normal structure of thinking.
Loosening of associations
65
Refers to sexual drive. May be reduced in depression
Libido
66
Refers to a fluctuating mood state.
Labile mood
67
profound short-term memory loss characterized by confabulation, disorientation to time and personality change.
Korsakoff's syndrome
68
A form of loosening of association where there is discourse consisting of a sequence of unrelated ideas.
Knight's move thinking
69
Inability to refrain from stealing, a differential diagnosis for OCD.
Kleptomania
70
A failure to recognize events that have been encountered before.
Jamais vu
71
The extent to which the patient understands the nature of their condition.
Insight
72
A false mental image produced by the misinterpretation of an external stimulus
Illusion
73
international classification of diseases is the standard diagnostic tool for clinical purposes, published by the WHO.
ICD-10
74
Misinterpretation of normal bodily sensations, leading to a non-delusional preoccupation of having a serious physical disease.
Hypochondriasis
75
An exaggerated response to normal stimuli (e.g sound); a feature of PTSD.
Hyperarousal
76
A false perception in the absence of an external stimulus.
Hallucination
77
Inflated ideas about oneself. A feature of mania.
Grandiosity
78
A technique in the treatment of phobias where one is exposed to a feared stimulus in a controlled manner with the end purpose of eradication the fear.
Graduated exposure
79
Delusion that strangers the individual meets are persecutors in disguise.
Fregoli's syndrome
80
Articulation of all thoughts that come to the mind. This is used in psychodynamic therapy.
Free association
81
Abnormality of the way that thoughts are linked together.
Formal thought disorder
82
A syndrome in which a delusional belief is transmitted from one individual to another such that they share the delusion.
Folie a deux
83
Speech difficult to understand as it switches rapidly from one loosely connected idea to another.
Flight of ideas
84
Potential problem with taking antipsychotics. Includes parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, tardive dyskinesia.
Extrapyramidal side effects
85
A technique in which a patient is repeatedly exposed to a situation which causes them anxiety and they are prevented from performing the actions which lessen that anxiety. Commonly used in OCD.
Exposure and response prevention
86
Higher function include planning, organization, prolem solving, abstract thinking and decision making which may be lost in dememtia
Executive function
87
An objective description of normal mood.
euthymic
88
an exaggerated feeling of wellbeing- commonly associated with substance misuse.
euphoria
89
De Clerambault's syndrome
erotomania
90
involuntary voiding of urine in children who should have established bladder control. Con be linked to psychosocial stressors and organic causes must be excluded.
Enuresis
91
deposition of normal faeces in inappropriate places in children who should have developed normal bowel control
Encopresis
92
a measure of the electrical activity of the brain- gives info about the state of the patient's brain and their level of consciousness
EEG
93
Repetition of words. May be a feature of autism
Echolalia
94
Acute painful contractions, (spasms) of muscles. May be a side effect of antipsychotic use.
Dystonia
95
Depressive state for at least 2 years, which does not meet the criteria for a mild, moderate or severe depressive disorder.
Dysthymia
96
Disorder in language (e.g problems finding words).
Dysphagia
97
Excessive preoccupation with barely noticeable or imagined defects in their physical appearance.
Dysmorphophobia
98
A disorder in articulating speech
Dysarthria
99
States that schizophrenia is secondary to over-activity of the mesolimbic dopamine pathways in the brain.
Dopamine hypothesis
100
The patient's low mood is more pronounced during certain times of the day (usually in the morning).
Diurnal mood variation
101
A process of 'separating off' certain memories from normal consciousness (feature of dissociative disorder).
Dissociation
102
A lack of restraint manifested in disregard for social conventions, impulsivity, and poor judgement.
Disinhibition
103
The feeling that surroundings or people are experienced as unreal.
Derealization
104
A mood disorder characterized by a persistent low mood, loss of pleasure and/or lack of energy.
Depression
105
Long-acting, slow release medications given inramuscularly to improve adherence (e.g certain antipsychotics).
Depot
106
Feeling of detachment from the normal sense of self.
Depersonalisation
107
Prolonged, compulsive substance use leading to addiction, tolerance and the potential for withdrawal syndromes.
Dependence syndrome
108
A syndrome of generalized decline of memory, intellect and personality, without impairment of consciousness, leading to functional impairment.
Dementia
109
A new delusion that forms in response to a real perception without any logical sense. It is one of Schneider's first rank symptoms of schizophrenia.
Delusional perception
110
A fixed false belief, which is firmly held, despite evidence to the contrary and out of keeping with the individual's social, religious, educational and cultural background.
Delusion
111
A withdrawal delirium after alcohol cessation, characterized by cognitive impairment, delusions, hallucinations and autonomic arousal.
Delirium tremens
112
An acute, transient, global organic disorder of the CNS functioning resulting in impaired consciousness and attention.
Delirium
113
Refers to an intentional act of self-poisoning or self-injury.
Deliberate self-harm
114
The illusion that an event or experience has already been experienced in the past.
Deja vu
115
Delusion that an exalted or famous person is in love with them.
De Clerambault's syndrome
116
Symptoms of autonomic arousal are attributed by the patient to a disorder of the CV system (a type of somatoform autonomic dysfunction).
Da Cost's syndrome
117
In psychodynamic therapy, refers to the therapist's emotions and attitudes towards the patient.
Counter-transference
118
Delusion that everything is non-existent including themselves.
Cotard's syndrome (nihilism)
119
Distressing events are transformed into physical symptoms. A feature of dissociative disorder.
Conversion
120
Gaps in memory which are unconsciously filled with false memories.
Confabulation
121
Repetitive, purposeful behaviours or mental acts that a person feels driven into performing
Compulsion
122
A psychotherapy used to help individual identify and challenge their negative thoughts and then to modify any abnormal underlying core beliefs.
CBT
123
Consists of consciousness, orientation, attention, concentration and memory.
Cognition
124
Ideas related only by similar or rhyming sounds rather than meaning.
Clang association
125
Thinking progresses slowly as a result of many unnecessary digressions but it eventually returns to original point.
Circumstantiality
126
Abnormality of tone, posture or movement arising from a disturbed mental state, typically schizophrenia. Can be excessive or decreased motor activity.
Catatonia
127
Delusion that a familiar person has been replaced by an exact duplicate.
Capgras syndrome
128
Multiple, recurrent and frequently changing physical symptoms not explained by a physical illness (aka somatization disorder).
Briquet's syndrome
129
Reduced expression of emotion
Blunted affect
130
A feature of bulimia nervosa where patients overeat.
Bingeing
131
Reaction in response to loss of a loved one which may be normal or abnormal
Bereavement
132
A feature of depressive disorder with negative feelings about the self, the world and the future.
Beck's triad
133
A general state of physiological arousal associated with what is commonly referred to as the fight or flight syndrome. Mediated by the sympathetic nervous system with features including sweating, dry mouth and tachycardia.
Autonomic arousal
134
Instability to carry out previously learned purposeful movements despite normal coordination and strength. May be a feature of dementia.
Apraxia
135
Lack of interest, enthusiasm or concern.
Apathy
136
An unpleasant emotional state involving subjective fear and somatic symptoms.
Anxiety
137
Anxiety at the prospect of encountering the feared situation.
Anticipatory anxiety
138
A lack of interest in things which were previously enjoyable to the patient.
Anhedonia
139
A lack of energy (core feature of depression)
Anergia
140
A deficit in memory. A feature of organic disorders such as dementia and delirium. Anterograde amnesia is diminished ability to form new memories and retrograde amnesia involves loss of memories of events that have occurred in the past.
Amnesia
141
Unpleasant feeling of restlessness. May be a side effect of antipsychotics.
Akathisia
142
Impaired recognition of sensory stimuli not attributed to sensory loss or language disturbance. May be a feature of dementia.
Agnosia
143
Refers to the transient flow of emotions in response to a particular stimulus, i.e the immediate expression of emotions
Affect
144
Physiological and psychological response due to the administration of a psychoactive substance
Acute intoxication
