Review 01

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true regarding upper limb loss or difference (ULL/D)?

Answer 1

ULL/D includes both acquired loss and congenital limb differences

Other/wrong choises:
ULL/D rarely affects social participation or occupational performance
ULL/D is more common than lower limb loss
ULL/D primarily affects bilateral limbs equally

Question 2

Which of the following factors is most likely to limit a burn survivor’s ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) after a deep
partial-thickness or full-thickness burn?

Answer 2

Limited joint range of motion and muscle power

Other/wrong choises:
Cognitive impairments
Enhanced sensory perception
Improved coordination

Question 3

What is a characteristic feature of deep partial-thickness burns?

Answer 3

They appear white and do not blanch when touched

Other/wrong choises:
They heal spontaneously within ~7 days without scarring
They only affect the epidermal layer of the skin
They are dry and do not form blisters

Question 4

Which of the following is not one of the five aspects outlined in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process,
4th Edition (AOTA, 2020)?

Answer 4

Performance outcomes

Other/wrong choises:
Occupations
Client factors
Performance patterns

Question 5

Which core value in occupational therapy focuses on the ability to govern and discipline oneself through reason and intelligent reflection, emphasizing discretion and moderation in decision-making?

Answer 5

Prudence

Other/wrong choises:
Equality
Freedom
Truth

Question 6

Sarah is an occupational therapist working in a community clinic. One of her patients, Mr. Lee, is an elderly man recovering from a
stroke. Mr. Lee is frustrated because he feels that his progress in regaining mobility is slow, and he frequently expresses concerns
about being a burden to his family. During their therapy sessions, Sarah consistently listens patiently to Mr. Lee’s concerns, reassuring
him that his feelings are valid. She tailors his treatment plan to his personal goals, allowing him to make choices about the activities he
feels most comfortable with. She encourages Mr. Lee to take the lead in his therapy, respecting his independence, and ensures that he
feels in control of his recovery process.

Which core value is Sarah demonstrating when she allows Mr. Lee to make choices in his therapy plan, respects his independence, and
encourages self-direction in his recovery?

Answer 6

Freedom

Other/wrong choises:
Dignity
Altruism
Equality

Question 7

Which core symptom of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) involves difficulties with understanding another person’s thoughts, feelings,
or intentions, also known as “theory of mind”?

Answer 7

Social communication and interaction difficulties

Other/wrong choises:
Restricted and repetitive behaviors
Sensory processing issues
Echolalia
Social com

Question 8

What type of ischemic stroke is characterized by a blockage in a small blood vessel and is often referred to as a small vessel infarct?

Answer 8

Lacunar stroke

Other/wrong choises:
Embolic stroke
Cryptogenic stroke
Thrombotic stroke

Question 9

A person recovering from a humeral fracture is likely to experience limitations in the glenohumeral joint, which may lead to difficulties
in which of the following activities?

Answer 9

Reaching overhead to grab dishes from a cabinet

Other/wrong choises:
Putting on sock
Lifting a heavy suitcase from the ground
Walking up a flight of stairs

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of interoception?

Answer 10

Awareness of the body’s physiological state, such as heartbeat and hunger

Other/wrong choises:
Detection of external environmental stimuli
Awareness of body position and movement
Modulating sensory input for balance

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding primary osteoarthritis (OA)?

Answer 11

Primary OA primarily affects the weight-bearing joints, such as the hip and knee.

Question 12

Mary is a 45-year-old accountant who was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) three years ago. In recent months, she has been
struggling more with daily activities due to joint pain, stiffness, and fatigue. Her mornings are particularly challenging, as she finds it
difficult to shower and get dressed for work. The stiffness in her hands makes tasks like buttoning her shirt and brushing her hair
almost impossible. At work, Mary has noticed that holding a pen for long periods or typing on her computer causes significant
discomfort in her fingers and wrists. Even activities like preparing meals at home have become tiring, as her grip on utensils has
weakened. Mary is beginning to feel frustrated and concerned about her ability to manage these daily tasks independently.
Mary is struggling to hold a pen and type due to hand weakness and joint pain. Which occupation is most likely being impacted by her
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?

Answer 12

Work

Question 13

Which core value in occupational therapy emphasizes the importance of valuing the inherent worth and uniqueness of each person,
often demonstrated through empathy and respect?

Answer 13

Dignity

Question 14

Which of the following ADL challenges is commonly experienced by individuals with muscular dystrophy as the disease progresses?

Answer 14

Difficulty completing transfers to and from the toilet

Question 15

Liam, a 7-year-old boy, has been struggling in school and at home with activities that most children his age perform easily. His parents
have noticed that Liam often avoids group play during recess, preferring to sit by himself or engage in repetitive behaviors like spinning
in circles or flapping his hands. In the classroom, he often appears unresponsive to verbal instructions, which his teacher initially
mistook for defiance or inattentiveness. He has trouble completing tasks that require fine motor skills, such as writing or buttoning his
shirt, and his movements are often clumsy and uncoordinated. During mealtimes, Liam avoids certain foods due to their texture and
has difficulty maintaining a proper grip on utensils. He becomes overly upset when exposed to loud noises or sudden changes in his
environment, leading to meltdowns or withdrawal from social situations.
An occupational therapist evaluated Liam and diagnosed him with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) with both Sensory Modulation
Disorder (sensory overresponsivity and sensory underresponsivity) and Sensory-Based Motor Disorder. The therapist recommended a
sensory integration program to improve Liam’s ability to process and respond to sensory input, helping him participate more
effectively in daily tasks and social activities.
Liam tends to avoid group play, often sits by himself during recess, and avoids certain foods due to their texture. Which subtype of
Sensory Modulation Disorder might explain these behaviors?

Answer 15

Sensory Overresponsivity

Question 16

How does a CVA impact instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)?

Answer 16

Visual field deficits and perceptual difficulties can impair tasks such as driving and meal preparation.

Question 17

Why is person-first language important in occupational therapy practice?

Answer 17

It emphasizes the individuality and unique characteristics of a person beyond their diagnosis.

Question 18

Which model, developed by the World Health Organization, provides a comprehensive classification of function and dysfunction by
considering the impact of physical and psychosocial conditions on body functions, structures, activities, and participation, while
acknowledging the influence of environmental and personal factors?

Answer 18

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)

Question 19

Which of the following is the best example of person-first language?

Answer 19

“The child with autism enjoys reading.”

Question 20

Which surgical approach for a total hip replacement (THR) requires the patient to avoid hip extension in addition to standard hip
precautions?

Answer 20

Direct anterior approach

Question 21

Liam, a 7-year-old boy, has been struggling in school and at home with activities that most children his age perform easily. His parents
have noticed that Liam often avoids group play during recess, preferring to sit by himself or engage in repetitive behaviors like spinning
in circles or flapping his hands. In the classroom, he often appears unresponsive to verbal instructions, which his teacher initially
mistook for defiance or inattentiveness. He has trouble completing tasks that require fine motor skills, such as writing or buttoning his
shirt, and his movements are often clumsy and uncoordinated. During mealtimes, Liam avoids certain foods due to their texture and
has difficulty maintaining a proper grip on utensils. He becomes overly upset when exposed to loud noises or sudden changes in his
environment, leading to meltdowns or withdrawal from social situations.
An occupational therapist evaluated Liam and diagnosed him with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) with both Sensory Modulation
Disorder (sensory overresponsivity and sensory underresponsivity) and Sensory-Based Motor Disorder. The therapist recommended a
sensory integration program to improve Liam’s ability to process and respond to sensory input, helping him participate more
effectively in daily tasks and social activities.
Liam often fails to respond to verbal instructions in the classroom and appears disengaged in physical activities unless given highly
stimulating sensory input. His parents also describe him as an “easy baby” with low demands. Which subtype of Sensory Modulation
Disorder is most consistent with these observations?

Answer 21

Sensory Underresponsivity

Question 22

What is an important consideration for occupational therapists when working with individuals with bilateral upper limb loss (BULL)?

Answer 22

Focusing on foot dexterity for performing functional tasks, especially if prosthetics are not an option

Question 23

How does muscular dystrophy typically impact education in children?

Answer 23

Physical limitations lead to fatigue and difficulty keeping up with peer

Question 24

What is a common side effect of stimulant medications used to treat ADHD?

Answer 24

Decreased appetite

Question 25

John, a 65-year-old male, recently had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery following a myocardial infarction. He lives with chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). John lives alone and, prior to his health issues, was independent in his daily activities. However, since the surgery, he has struggled with fatigue, shortness of breath, and limited endurance, which affect his ability to perform basic self-care tasks such as dressing, showering, and grooming. John is also restricted by sternal precautions, which limit his ability to push, pull, or lift objects over 10 pounds, making tasks such as reaching for objects, standing from a seated position, and dressing himself more difficult. John has noticed an increase in anxiety, especially during activities that require him to stand for extended periods, such as taking a shower, due to his fear of falling and shortness of breath. Additionally, John is struggling with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) such as meal preparation and grocery shopping. He uses supplemental oxygen, but he is concerned about how long his oxygen cylinder will last while out in the community. His decreased strength and endurance have made it hard for him to carry the oxygen tank and manage household tasks, including laundry and cleaning. John is becoming increasingly frustrated with his decreased independence and feels isolated as he is unable to engage in his usual social and leisure activities, such as attending church or meeting friends for coffee. Which of the following interventions would be MOST effective in supporting John’s recovery and independence following his CABG surgery?

Answer 25

Develop a home safety plan that includes adaptive equipment such as a shower chair, grab bars, and long-handled grooming tools to reduce strain and promote independence with self-care tasks.

Question 26

What is a distinguishing feature of longitudinal deficiencies compared to transverse deficiencies?

Answer 26

Longitudinal deficiencies result from incomplete limb development in utero, while transverse deficiencies occur in both congenital and acquired loss.

Question 27

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which deformity occurs when the volar plate of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint elongates, causing hyperextension at the PIP and flexion at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint?

Answer 27

Swan-neck deformity

Question 28

Which of the following describes a common motor impairment in spastic diplegia, a type of cerebral palsy?

Answer 28

The lower extremities are more affected than the upper extremities.

Question 29

Which of the following systems, besides the joints, can be affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a systemic condition?

Answer 29

Cardiovascular system

Question 30

Which type of hemorrhagic stroke occurs when bleeding happens directly into brain tissue?

Answer 30

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)

Question 31

Which type of cerebral palsy involves velocity-dependent hypertonicity, where muscles are more resistive to sudden passive movement?

Answer 31

Spastic cerebral palsy

Question 32

What differentiates hypertrophic scars from keloid scars?

Answer 32

Hypertrophic scars remain within the boundary of the original wound

Question 33

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may display abnormal language characteristics. What is echolalia, a common characteristic in some children with ASD?

Answer 33

Repeating another person's speech, either immediately or after a delay

Question 34

In the DSM-5, ADHD can be diagnosed if symptoms interfere with functioning in which of the following contexts?

Answer 34

In more than one context, such as home and school

Question 35

Which of the following activities of daily living (ADLs) is most likely to be impacted by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to limitations in joint mobility, strength, and fatigue?

Answer 35

Taking a shower and washing hair

Question 36

What is the primary cause of burn contractures?

Answer 36

Permanent shortening of muscles, tendons, or scar tissue

Question 37

Which of the following is a hallmark early symptom of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)?

Answer 37

Delayed motor development and proximal weakness

Question 38

Which joints of the hand are most commonly affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA), often leading to deformities such as swan-neck and boutonniere?

Answer 38

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints

Question 39

Which of the following is an impact on **instrumental** activities of daily living (IADLs) that may be experienced by someone with a hip fracture?

Answer 39

Difficulty driving to attend social events

Question 40

Which of the following is a key factor influencing the decision to use a prosthesis for individuals with upper limb loss/difference (ULL/D)?

Answer 40

The person's ability to gain functional independence without a prosthesis

Question 41

What new category did the DSM-5 introduce for individuals who have social communication dysfunction without the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors?

Answer 41

Social (pragmatic) communication disorder

Question 42

For children with ADHD, which of the following is often a challenge in social participation?

Answer 42

Impulsivity and interrupting during play

Question 43

John, a 65-year-old male, recently had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery following a myocardial infarction. He lives with chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). John lives alone and, prior to his health issues, was independent in his daily activities. However, since the surgery, he has struggled with fatigue, shortness of breath, and limited endurance, which affect his ability to perform basic self-care tasks such as dressing, showering, and grooming. John is also restricted by sternal precautions, which limit his ability to push, pull, or lift objects over 10 pounds, making tasks such as reaching for objects, standing from a seated position, and dressing himself more difficult. John has noticed an increase in anxiety, especially during activities that require him to stand for extended periods, such as taking a shower, due to his fear of falling and shortness of breath. Additionally, John is struggling with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) such as meal preparation and grocery shopping. He uses supplemental oxygen, but he is concerned about how long his oxygen cylinder will last while out in the community. His decreased strength and endurance have made it hard for him to carry the oxygen tank and manage household tasks, including laundry and cleaning. John is becoming increasingly frustrated with his decreased independence and feels isolated as he is unable to engage in his usual social and leisure activities, such as attending church or meeting friends for coffee. Which of the following factors limits John's ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), such as grocery shopping?

Answer 43

Difficulty managing his oxygen cylinder and decreased endurance

Question 44

Liam, a 7-year-old boy, has been struggling in school and at home with activities that most children his age perform easily. His parents have noticed that Liam often avoids group play during recess, preferring to sit by himself or engage in repetitive behaviors like spinning in circles or flapping his hands. In the classroom, he often appears unresponsive to verbal instructions, which his teacher initially mistook for defiance or inattentiveness. He has trouble completing tasks that require fine motor skills, such as writing or buttoning his shirt, and his movements are often clumsy and uncoordinated. During mealtimes, Liam avoids certain foods due to their texture and has difficulty maintaining a proper grip on utensils. He becomes overly upset when exposed to loud noises or sudden changes in his environment, leading to meltdowns or withdrawal from social situations. An occupational therapist evaluated Liam and diagnosed him with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) with both Sensory Modulation Disorder (sensory overresponsivity and sensory underresponsivity) and Sensory-Based Motor Disorder. The therapist recommended a sensory integration program to improve Liam's ability to process and respond to sensory input, helping him participate more effectively in daily tasks and social activities. Liam's teacher notices that he frequently struggles to maintain a seated posture during writing tasks, often slumping in his chair, and has difficulty sustaining physical effort. Which subtype of Sensory-Based Motor Disorder is most likely affecting Liam?

Answer 44

Postural Disorder

Question 45

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fine motor limitations caused by hand deformities and weakness are most likely to impact which of the following activities?

Answer 45

Self-feeding and using eating utensils

Question 46

When an occupational therapist encourages a client to engage in meaningful activities and social roles to promote independence, which philosophical assumption is being applied?

Answer 46

Each individual has a right to a meaningful existence

Question 47

A patient with osteoarthritis (OA) reports pain and stiffness in their knee that improves after 15-30 minutes of movement in the morning. What is the most likely explanation for this symptom?

Answer 47

The patient has joint stiffness that is typical of osteoarthritis.

Question 48

What is the hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that leads to cartilage and bone breakdown in joints?

Answer 48

Development of pannus in the synovial membrane

Question 49

Which of the following is not one of the subtypes (clinical presentations) of ADHD as defined in the DSM-5?

Answer 49

ADHD Secondary to Environmental Factors

Question 50

Which sensory system is primarily responsible for detecting linear, angular, and circular movement of the body, as well as the pull of gravity?

Answer 50

vestibular system

Question 51

Mary is a 45-year-old accountant who was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) three years ago. In recent months, she has been struggling more with daily activities due to joint pain, stiffness, and fatigue. Her mornings are particularly challenging, as she finds it difficult to shower and get dressed for work. The stiffness in her hands makes tasks like buttoning her shirt and brushing her hair almost impossible. At work, Mary has noticed that holding a pen for long periods or typing on her computer causes significant discomfort in her fingers and wrists. Even activities like preparing meals at home have become tiring, as her grip on utensils has weakened. Mary is beginning to feel frustrated and concerned about her ability to manage these daily tasks independently. Mary's rheumatoid arthritis has significantly impacted her ability to prepare meals due to pain and stiffness in her hands. Which of the following strategies is most likely to help Mary reduce her joint strain and improve her ability to complete meal preparation independently?

Answer 51

Using built-up handle utensils to reduce the grip force needed

Question 52

John, a 65-year-old male, recently had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery following a myocardial infarction. He lives with chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). John lives alone and, prior to his health issues, was independent in his daily activities. However, since the surgery, he has struggled with fatigue, shortness of breath, and limited endurance, which affect his ability to perform basic self-care tasks such as dressing, showering, and grooming. John is also restricted by sternal precautions, which limit his ability to push, pull, or lift objects over 10 pounds, making tasks such as reaching for objects, standing from a seated position, and dressing himself more difficult. John has noticed an increase in anxiety, especially during activities that require him to stand for extended periods, such as taking a shower, due to his fear of falling and shortness of breath. Additionally, John is struggling with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) such as meal preparation and grocery shopping. He uses supplemental oxygen, but he is concerned about how long his oxygen cylinder will last while out in the community. His decreased strength and endurance have made it hard for him to carry the oxygen tank and manage household tasks, including laundry and cleaning. John is becoming increasingly frustrated with his decreased independence and feels isolated as he is unable to engage in his usual social and leisure activities, such as attending church or meeting friends for coffee. What factor is contributing to John's increased anxiety during self-care tasks, such as bathing?

Answer 52

Fear of falling and shortness of breath

Question 53

How does the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model assist occupational therapists?

Answer 53

It considers the condition's impact on occupational performance, body functions, structures, and participation while including environmental and personal factors

Question 54

What is the most common injury resulting in long-term functional impairment and increased nursing home admissions in older adults following a fall?

Answer 54

Hip fracture

Question 55

What is the primary cause of an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)?

Answer 55

Hypertension

Question 56

What is the first stage in the bone healing process after a fracture?

Answer 56

Inflammation and clotting

Question 57

Which of the following conditions is most likely to impact a person's ability to engage in fine motor tasks, such as knitting or handling small objects?

Answer 57

Osteoarthritis of the hand

Question 58

Which aspect of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework refers to observable elements of action that have an implicit functional purpose, and are divided into motor skills, process skills, and social interaction skills?

Answer 58

Performance skills

Question 59

Which of the following is not a common precaution following a total knee replacement (TKR)?

Answer 59

Avoid wearing a knee immobilizer until muscle strength returns

Question 60

Which philosophical assumption of occupational therapy is demonstrated when a therapist focuses on understanding a client within the context of their family, community, and cultural group?

Answer 60

Each individual can only be understood within the context of his or her family, friends, community, and membership in various cultural groups