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biology > review 1 > Flashcards

review 1 Flashcards

1
Q

on what continent did the first forms of man evolve

A

east Africa

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2
Q

what form of early man emerged about 100,000 to 400,000 years ago?

A

homosapiens

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3
Q

homosapiens migrated from Africa to where?

A

Eurasia, Americans, Australia

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4
Q

how did early man gain his food?

A

hunting and gathering

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5
Q

early man was dependent on the availability of what?

A

wild plants and animals

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6
Q

early man was able to overcome his physical environment because he developed what?

A

fire

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7
Q

name 2 characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies

A

clans and nomads

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8
Q

name 4 things which developed during the old Stone Age

A

oral language, cave art, stone tools, stone weapons

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9
Q

what is another name for the old Stone Age

A

Paleolithic

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10
Q

a person who migrated in search for food, water, shelter is a

A

nomad

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11
Q

what group developed the first tools and weapons?

A

old Stone Age

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12
Q

name 5 things which developed during the New Stone Age

A

agriculture, domesticated animals, advanced tools, calendars, permanent settlements

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13
Q

what is another name for New Stone Age

A

Neolithic

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14
Q

what effect did agriculture have on how early man lived

A

permanent settlements

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15
Q

what does carbon do?

A

determine age of fossils

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16
Q

what is an artifact

A

man made objects

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17
Q

what archaeological site in England was built during the Neolithic period and Bronze Age?

A

stonehenge

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18
Q

name 3 other archeological sites that reveal the Info on the life of the Neolithic people

A

Aleppo, Jericho, catalhoyuk

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19
Q

what did river valleys provide for early civilizations?

A

protection and fertile soil

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20
Q

the area located from the Mediterranean coast to the mespotamia is called what

A

Fertile Crescent

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21
Q

when did the first river valley civilization appear?

A

350 bc

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22
Q

Egypt is located next to what river?

A

Nile

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23
Q

what area is located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers?

A

Mesopotamia

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24
Q

what river valley is located In India

A

Indus

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25
Q

on what river was China’s river civilization located?

A

huang he, yellow river

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26
Q

the Nike river is located on what continent?

A

Africa

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27
Q

on what continent is mespotamia located?

A

southwest Asia

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28
Q

where did the first civilization develop?

A

river valleys in Africa

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29
Q

what groups invaded river valley civilizations

A

nomads

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30
Q

who settled between the Mediterranean Sea and the jordan river valley

A

Hebrews

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31
Q

what group settled along the eastern Mediterranean coast?

A

Phoenicians

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32
Q

what civilization was located on the upper Nile river valley?

A

Nubia

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33
Q

where were the “cradles of civilization” located?

A

river valleys

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34
Q

who ruled egypt?

A

Pharaohs

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35
Q

how did rulers in the river valleys gain power?

A

God selected

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36
Q

what is a dynasty

A

family of rulers

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37
Q

(T)(F) most river valleys had a ridged class system

A

true

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38
Q

what was accepted in most river valley civilizations

A

polytheism

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39
Q

the government of early Mesopotamia civilizations often had a centralized government based on what?

A

religious leaders

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40
Q

name the two written law codes of the Fertile Crescent

A

10 commandments, code of hammuri

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41
Q

what is an empire?

A

group of states controlled by 1 ruler

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42
Q

what political system is characterized by a city and its surrounding lands

A

city states

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43
Q

what were two metals used to make tools and weapons

A

bronze and iron

44
Q

what group traded throughout the Mediterranean Sea and middle eastern rivers?

A

Phoenicians

45
Q

name 3 reasons river valley civilizations had an agricultural surplus.

A

settled, silt, more people to grow crops

46
Q

where were the works first cities located?

A

mespotamia

47
Q

people who do work according to their skills are practicing what?

A

specialized labor

48
Q

what type of religion did most people of the Fertile Crescent practice?

A

polytheism

49
Q

what type of religion did the Hebrews follow?

A

monotheistic

50
Q

Judaism is the foundation of what other religions?

A

Christianity and Islam

51
Q

which civilization was the first to follow one God?

A

Hebrews

52
Q

who led the Hebrews out of mespotamia and helped found the Jewish faith

A

Abraham

53
Q

who received the 10 commandments

A

Moses

54
Q

what is the holy city of the Hebrews?

A

Jerusalem

55
Q

who led the Jews out of Egypt?

A

Moses

56
Q

what states the proper moral and religious conduct of the Hebrews

A

Torah

57
Q

what is the belief in one God?

A

monotheism

58
Q

what is the religion of the Hebrews?

A

Judaism

59
Q

the Hebrews were forced to leave Palestine because they rebelled too often. what is this called?

A

diaspora

60
Q

what civilization used hieroglyphics?

A

Egyptians

61
Q

what civilization developed the alphabet as we know it

A

Phoenicians

62
Q

what civilizations used cuneiform?

A

Sumerians

63
Q

the earliest written symbols were called what?

A

pictograms

64
Q

how did the Persians treat the people they conquered?

A

very tolerant

65
Q

what is bureaucracy

A

organized government

66
Q

what religion did the Persians follow?

A

Zoroastrianism

67
Q

what did the Persians do to improve communication and trade in their empire?

A

built roads

68
Q

who had the largest empire in the ancient world before Alexander the Great

A

Persia

69
Q

what was the second river valley in India to be settled?

A

Ganges

70
Q

who invaded and conquered the original Indus River valley civilization?

A

Indo-Aryans

71
Q

what was Indians rigidly structures social system based on occupation?

A

caste-system

72
Q

name 3 geographic barriers which made invading India harder

A

Himalayas, Indian Ocean, Hindu Kush

73
Q

what mountains are to the west of the Indian sub-continent?

A

Hindu Kush

74
Q

what mountains are to the east of the Indian sub-unit

A

Himalayas

75
Q

through what mountain range did invaders reach India?

A

Hindu Kush

76
Q

what are the 2 main rivers of the Indian subcontinent

A

Ganges and Indus

77
Q

what shaped how early human societies lived their lives

A

geography and environment

78
Q

what did the caste system influence?

A

Hindu religion

79
Q

during what empire was Indias golden age of culture

A

Gupta

80
Q

name 2 nonreligious contributions of India

A

math, textile, literature

81
Q

what was the religion of classical India?

A

Hinduism

82
Q

what religion beloved in one major deity who takes many forms?

A

Hinduism

83
Q

the Indian cycle of rebirth is called what

A

reincarnation

84
Q

future reincarnation based in present behavior is what?

A

karma

85
Q

what are the sacred writings of Hinduism

A

Vedas and Upanishads

86
Q

what religion are the sacred writings of Hinduism?

A

Buddhism

87
Q

what was Buddhism founded?

A

India

88
Q

what does a Buddhist have to do to gain enlightenment?

A

follow eightfold path

89
Q

who was Buddha

A

siddhartha gutama

90
Q

who sent missionaries to spread Buddhism throughout Asia

A

Asoka

91
Q

what are the 2 basic beliefs of Buddhism

A

4 noble truths, eightfold path

92
Q

in what river valley was classical China’s civilization located?

A

huang he

93
Q

what is another name for huang he?

A

yellow river

94
Q

from where did migratory invaders enter China?

A

gobi desert

95
Q

why was the Great Wall built

A

protection from invaders

96
Q

about when did China’s civilization begin?

A

5000 years ago

97
Q

what 2 religions did China contribute?

A

Taoism, Confucianism

98
Q

who built the Great Wall of china

A

shi huang di

99
Q

the ruling families of China were called what?

A

dynasties

100
Q

Chinese rulers served under the authority of what?

A

Mandate of Heaven

101
Q

what does Mandate of Heaven mean?

A

God selected

102
Q

Chinese emperors were considered to be what?

A

gods

103
Q

what connected China to cultures as far away as rome?

A

Silk Road

104
Q

people who work for the bureaucracy of China were part of what?

A

civil service

105
Q

what fabric did China contribute to the world?

A

silk

biology (9 decks)

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