Review

Question 1

What is an aliphatic molecule

Answer 1

Greasy feel, hydrocarbon chain. No s+ or s-

Question 2

Aromatic?

Answer 2

Has a smell. Electrons move around in a circle. Needs a ring

Question 3

What are the three rules for identifying an aromatic compound?

Answer 3

1) huckels rule
2) every atom contributes
3) planar molecule

Question 4

How to identify an aromatic compound

Answer 4

1) huckels rule 4n+2 = 2, 6, 10, 14, 18
2) no sp3 must be planar
3) conjugated and planar

8-12 in huckels rule means rings buckle and molecule is not planar

Question 5

How to identify an anti-aromatic compound?

Answer 5

1) conjugated
2) planar
3) huckels rule 4n=4, 8, 12, 16

Question 6

When is a compound non-aromatic?

Answer 6

When any conditions are not met

Question 7

Nucleophile?

Answer 7

Positive seeking. Negative charge

Question 8

Electrophile?

Answer 8

Negative seeking. Positive charge

Question 9

Heteroatoms?

Answer 9

N, S, O any atom that is not a carbon or hydrogen

Question 10

F-C alkylation?

Answer 10

Adds an alkyl halide with a Lewis acid catalyst

Question 11

F-C acylation?

Answer 11

An EAS reaction. Benzene reacted with acyl chlorides or hydrides with a Lewis acid catalyst

Question 12

EAS reaction

Answer 12

An atom is replaced with an electrophile

Question 13

Activating groups?

Answer 13

Otho, para directors. Electron donating groups. Increases EAS rate of reaction

Question 14

Ortho?

Answer 14

Carbon next to activating group.

Question 15

Para?

Answer 15

Carbon directly across from activating group. 3 carbons away

Question 16

Using ortho and para which one is thermodynamic and kinetic?

Answer 16

Otho is kinetic

Para is thermodynamic

Question 17

Strongly activating groups?

Answer 17

NH2, NHR, OH, OR

Question 18

Moderately activating groups?

Answer 18

NHC=OR, OC=OR

Question 19

Weakly activating groups?

Answer 19

-R, Aromatic ring, CH=CH

Question 20

Deactivating groups?

Answer 20

Meta directors, decreased rate of EAS. Electron withdrawing.

Question 21

Meta?

Answer 21

Two carbons away from deactivating group.

Question 22

Weakly deactivating?

Answer 22

DOP
F, CL, Br, I
Ortho, para directors.

Question 23

Moderately deactivating?

Answer 23

C=O-H, C=O-CH3, C=OCH3, C=O-OH

Question 24

Strongly deactivating?

Answer 24

NO2, CN, NR3, SO3H

Question 25

If a molecule has multiple groups which one do you follow?

Answer 25

Strongly activating ——> strongly deactivating

Question 26

Thermodynamics?

Answer 26

Hot and slow reactions. Makes a more stable product.

Question 27

Kinetic?

Answer 27

Cold and fast reactions. Makes the easiest product

Question 28

When will a friedel crafts reaction not occur?

Answer 28

When there is monosub deactivating group. Electron withdrawing. Also if there is an NH2 group as it will interfere with AlCl3

Question 29

What atom do you look at when deciding activating or deactivating?

Answer 29

Benzylic carbon ( one carbon away from pi bond)

Question 30

Diazonium salt?

Answer 30

Anything with a N2. It is the best leaving group.

Question 31

Conjugation.

Answer 31

Single bond, pi bond, single bond, pi bond… | If extended it is a colour (light is absorbed)

Question 32

How many NO2 groups makes an molecule explosive?

Answer 32

3 or more

Question 33

PKa

Answer 33

Ph=PKa -logPKa = Ka LogKa = -PKa Ka = 10^-PKa

Question 34

Lewis base?

Answer 34

Has unpaired electrons more basic

Question 35

DBE

Answer 35

DBE = C - (H/2) + (N/2) + 1

Question 36

Fehlings Test

Answer 36

Aldehyde give red precipitate.

Question 37

Tollens Test

Answer 37

Looks like a mirror. Ag(NH4)OH-

Question 38

Haloform test

Answer 38

Acetyl group CHI3 makes really yellow