Review

Question 1

What makes up the PNS?

Answer 1

Somatic nervous system
afferent: sensory nerves
efferent: motor nerves
cranial nerves (12 pair), spinal nerves (31 pair)

Question 2

what systems are part of the ANS?

Answer 2

sympathetic nervous system

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 3

what is the neuraxis?

Answer 3

imaginary line drawn through the spinal cord up to the front of the brain

Question 4

anatomic directions according to the neuraxis

Answer 4

Anterior (rostral): front
Posterior (caudal): back
Dorsal (superior): back
Ventral (inferior):front

Question 5

ipsilateral=
Contralateral=
Unilateral=
Bilateral=

Answer 5

ipsilateral=occurring on same side of body
Contralateral=opposite side of body
Unilateral=one side
Bilateral=both sides

Question 6

afferent vs efferent

Answer 6

afferent=conducting inward or twd something

efferent=conducting outward or away from something

Question 7

sectioning the brain
Sagittal=
Coronal (or transverse)=
Horizontal=

Answer 7

Sagittal= left and right
Coronal (or transverse)= front and back
Horizontal=top and bottom

Question 8

what is a neuron tract?

Answer 8

many axons grouped together

Question 9

what is a neuron nucleus?

Answer 9

a group of neurons

Question 10

what is a neuron ganglion?

Answer 10

a collection of cell bodies in periphery

Question 11

cerebral cortex is covered with?

Answer 11

cerebral cortex is outer surface of the hemispheres and is covered in small (sulci) and large (fissures) grooves

Question 12

what are gyri?

Answer 12

bulges in the cortex

Question 13

what makes up the limbic system?

Answer 13

1. Hippocampus:
2. Amygdala:
3. Mammillary Bodies

Question 14

what is the basal ganglia?

Answer 14

collection of subcortical nuclei that lie just under the anterior aspect of the lateral ventricles

Question 15

what does the basal ganglia consist of?

Answer 15

Globus pallidus
Caudate nucleus
Putamen

Question 16

what does the basal ganglia control?

Answer 16

movement

Question 17

the diencephalon consists of?

Answer 17

1. thalamus

2. hypothalamus

Question 18

mesencephalon (midbrain) consists of?

Answer 18

1. tectum

2. tegmentum

Question 19

what is the tectum?

Answer 19

caudal half of midbrain including Inferior Colliculi

Question 20

what is the tegmentum?

Answer 20

Rostral half including periaqueductal gray matter PAG

Question 21

metencephalon consists of?

Answer 21

1. pons

2. cerebellum

Question 22

myencephalon consists of?

Answer 22

medulla oblongata

Question 23

what are the meninges responsible for?

Answer 23

membranes for protecting the brain and spinal cord

Question 24

what are the layers of the meninges?

Answer 24

1. dura mater
2. arachnoid mater
3. pia mater

Question 25

what are the 4 sections of the spinal cord?

Answer 25

1. cervical (8)
2. thoracic (12)
3. lumbar (5)
4. sacral (5)

Question 26

what are dermatomes?

Answer 26

an area of skin that is innervated by a set of dorsal roots at a single spinal segment

Question 27

what does the olfactory nerve control?

Answer 27

smell

Question 28

what does the optic nerve control?

Answer 28

vision

Question 29

what does the oculomotor nerve control?

Answer 29

Eye movement up/down & medially, Raises eye lid, Pupil Constriction

Question 30

what does the trochlear nerve control?

Answer 30

Eyes Movement down and medially

Question 31

what does the trigeminal nerve control?

Answer 31

Facial sensation. Chewing, temporalmandibular joint sensation

Question 32

what does the abducens nerve control>

Answer 32

Abducts eye (lateral movement)

Question 33

what does the facial nerve control?

Answer 33

Expression, closes eye, tears, salivation, and taste

Question 34

what does the vestibulocochlear nerve control?

Answer 34

Head position sensation, head movement & auditory

Question 35

what does the glossopharyngeal nerve control?

Answer 35

Swallowing, salivation, taste

Question 36

what does the vagus nerve control?

Answer 36

Regulates viscera, swallowing, speech, taste

Question 37

what does the accessory nerve control?

Answer 37

Elevates shoulders, head rotation

Question 38

what does the hypoglossal nerve control?

Answer 38

Tongue movement

Question 39

sympathetic nervous system regulates?

Answer 39

1. heart rate
2. blood pressure
3. energy metabolism
4. digestive functions