Review Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
cube-shaped
A
Kidney Tubule Cells
2
Q
biconcave disc
A
Red Blood Cells
3
Q
cellular eating
A
Phagocytosis
4
Q
cellular drinking
A
Pinocytosis
5
Q
cellular uptake of large substances from external environment (phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis)
A
Endocytosis
6
Q
movement of small ions or molecules through water filled protein (channels specific for one ion type)
A
Channel-mediated diffusion
7
Q
transport protein required for movement of ions or polar molecules
A
Facilitated Diffusion
8
Q
no transport protein required for movement of small, non polar molecules
A
Simple Diffusion
9
Q
movement of ions or molecules from areas of high to low concentration
A
Diffusion
10
Q
- requires energy
- substance must be moved up its concentration gradient (active transport)
-membrane-bound vesicle must be released (vesicular transport)
A
Active Process
11
Q
irregular-shaped
A
Nerve Cells
12
Q
study of cells
A
Cytology
13
Q
large substances secreted from cell
A
Exocytosis
14
Q
- also called bulk transport
- involves energy input to transport large substances using a vesicle
A
Vesicular Transport
15
Q
uses energy directly from breakdown of ATP
A
Primary Active Transport
16
Q
ion or small molecule moved against its concentration gradient
A
Active Transport
17
Q
cell shrinks
A
Crenation
18
Q
balloon with 2 tails
A
Phospholipids
19
Q
- cytosol stores temporarily
- molecules added to and removed from continuously
A
Inclusions
20
Q
is the capacity to do work
A
Energy
21
Q
energy of position or stored energy
A
Potential Energy
22
Q
energy of motion
A
Kinetic Energy
23
Q
energy stored in a molecules chemical bonds, released when bonds are broken
A
Chemical Energy
24
Q
molecules that function in chemical energy storage
A
- Triglycerides
- Glucose
- ATP
25
First Law: energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only change in form
Second Law: when energy is transformed, some energy is lost to heat
Thermodynamics
26
structure that gains an electron
Reduced/Reduction
27
structure that loses an electron
Oxidized/Oxidation
28
- groups exchanged between two chemical structures
- has both decomposition and synthesis components
AB + C --> A + BC
Exchange Reaction
29
- two or more structures commanded to form a larger structure
- also referred to as anabolism or anabolic reaction
A + B --> AB
Synthesis Reaction
30
- initial large molecules broken down into smaller structures
- in the body it is also referred to as catabolism or catabolic reaction
AB --> A + B
Decomposition Reaction
31
- substances formed by the reaction
- written on right of equation
Products
32
- substances prior to start of a chemical equation
- written on left side of equation
Reactants
33
expressed as chemical equation
1. Reactants
2. Products
34
occur when chemical bonds in existing molecular structures are broken (new bonds formed)
Chemical Reactions
35
- does not require energy
- depends on substances moving down concentration gradient
- two types: diffusion & osmosis
Passive Process
36
process of obtaining and eliminating substance across the plasma membrane
Membrane Transport
37
- there is more solutes outside the cell then inside
- water will move more out of the cell
- the cell will shrivel
Hypertonic Solution
38
- there is more solutes inside the cell than outside
- water will move more into the cell
- the cell will enlarge
Hypotonic Solution
39
regulate movement of substances across membrane
Transport Proteins
40
- equal amount of solutes inside and outside of cell
- movement of water in and out will be equal
- the cell will remain the same
Isotonic Solution
41
pressure exerted by fluid on the inside wall of its container
Hydrostatic Pressure
42
pressure exerted by movement of water across semipermeable membrane
Osmotic Pressure
43
- not embedded in lipid bilayer
- loosely attached to external or interior surfaces of membrane
Peripheral Proteins
44
embedded within, and extended across, phospholipid bilayer
Integral Proteins
45
- lipids with attached carbohydrate groups
- located on outer phospholipid region only
Glycolipids
46
all biochemical reactions in living organism
Metabolism
47
cell division in sex cells
Meiosis
48
four ring lipid molecule scatter within phospholipid bilayer
Cholesterol
49
- basic structure of the framework
- also known as plasma membrane
Phospholipid Bilayer
50
- not enclosed within a membrane
- composed of protein
- includes: ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrosome, proteasomes
Non-Membrane-Bound Organelles
51
- enclosed by a membrane
- separates content from cytosol
- includes: endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria
Membrane-Bound Organelles
52
- complex, organized structures within cells
- membrane bound and non membrane bound
Organelles
53
viscous fluid of cytoplasm
Cytosol
54
- cellular contents between plasma membrane and nucleus
- includes: cytosol, organelles, and inclusions
Cytoplasm
55
largest structure in cell enclosed by a nuclear envelope (contains DNA)
Nucleus
56
cell division that occurs in somatic cells
Mitosis
57
- synthesis, transport, and storage of lipids
- carbohydrate metabolism
- detoxification of drugs and poisons
Smooth ER
58
a membraneous organelle that has a large surface area covered in ribosomes
Rough ER
59
- small, membraneous sacs
- contain digestive enzymes formed by Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
60
modification, packaging, and sorting of proteins
Golgi Apparatus
61
- helps the cell increase surface size
- allows for more proteins
Microvilli
62
the tail moves the cell (sperm)
Flagella
63
- forms outer, limiting barrier separating internal contents from external environment
- cilia, flagellum, microvilli
Plasma Membrane
64
cylindrical
Skeletal Muscle Cells
65
spherical
Cartilage Cells
66
hair like projections that moves substances out of the way for the cell
Cilia
67
- extends throughout cell interior, anchor proteins in membrane
- plays roles in:
> intracellular support
> organization of organelles
> cell division
> movement of materials
Cytoskeleton
68
- arranged into large and small subunit
- made within nucleolus and assembled in cytoplasm
Ribosomes
69
movement of water through a semipermeable membrane
Osmosis
70
small polar molecules assisted across membrane by carrier protein
Carrier Mediated Diffusion
71
- usually closed
- opens in response to stimulus for fraction of second
Gated Channel
72
- powerhouse of cell
- oblong shaped organelles with double membrane
Mitochondria
73
receptor required
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
74
continuously open
Leak Channels
75
column-shaped
Intestinal lining Cells
