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Fluoro Cram > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Dose to the fetus is approximately ___% of mom’s skin dose.

A

2

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2
Q

In a flat panel system, closer to the pt (increases/decreases) pt dose.

A

Increases

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3
Q

In a system with ABC, image intensifier, and under table tube, moving the I
image intensifier AWAY from the pt (increases/decreases) exposure.

A

Increases

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4
Q

Leakage Limit = ___ mR at 1 meter

A

100

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5
Q

Scatter exposure (mR/hr) at:
1 foot?
2 feet?
3 feet?

A

1 foot = 500 mR/hr

2 feet = 100 mR/hr

3 feet = 50 mR/hr

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6
Q

Brightness gain = ___ x ___

A

Minification gain x flux gain

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7
Q

Equation for minification gain

A

Input diameter squared
———————————
Output diameter squared

(In inches)

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8
Q

What does KERMA stand for?

A

Kinetic Energy Released in MAtter

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9
Q

What type of interaction is this?

e-i = e-d + e-p

A

Bremsstrahlung

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10
Q

A bremsstrahlung is electromagnetic radiation produced by ___ when ___.

A

Deceleration of a charged particle

Deflected by another charged particle

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11
Q

Absorbed dose in rad x Quality factor = ?

A

Dose equivalent in rem

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12
Q

Quality factor is multiplied by the ___ to produce the ___.

A

Absorbed dose (rad)

Dose equivalent (rem)

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13
Q

Major problem of vidicons?

A

Lag

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14
Q

0.25 mm lead is required when receiving what dose of radiation? (Mrad/hr)

A

5 mrad/hr +

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15
Q

What kind of contrast is determined by the kVp?

A

Subject

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16
Q

What kind of contrast is determined by the image intensifier?

A

Detector contrast

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17
Q

When magnification increases, the field of view decreases, which does what to the minification gain/ brightness?

What is the end result on pt exposure?

A

Lowers minification gain/brightness

Raises pt exposure

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18
Q

What is the term for the total number of cycles per second available for display? (Aka frequency of video signal)

A

Bandpass

Aka bandwidths

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19
Q

Equation for vertical resolution

A

Number horiz. lines across
——————————————
2 x diameter in mm

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20
Q

___ is the product of scan lines, frame rate, and frequency rate

A

Bandpass

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21
Q

What sets the overall limit to resolving power capacity of the TV?

A

Bandpass

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22
Q

Line pair grid measures what?

A

Resolution

lp/mm

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23
Q

Occupational maximum dose

A

10 mSv x age

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24
Q

General population max dose

A

1 mSv/yr = 0.1 rem/yr

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25
More bit depth = more what?
Contrast resolution
26
You want to place the image intensifier as close to the pt as possible in order to lower pt dose. How is pt dose lowered by doing this?
It increases the number of X-rays intercepted by it, which means less are going through the pt
27
Which body type? Large/heavy
Hypersthenic
28
Which body type? High stomach
Hyposthenic
29
Which body type? Average athletic build
Sthenic
30
Which body type? Transverse stomach
Hypersthenic
31
Which body type? Low or medial stomach
Asthenic
32
Which body type? High upper left stomach
Sthenic
33
Which body type? High lungs
Hypersthenic
34
MTF is used to denote what?
Overall resolution
35
What is the hypothetical “perfect” resolution?
when MTF = 1
36
Fetus dose max for entire pregnancy in mSv and in rem/month (occupational)
Entire pregnancy: 5 mSv Monthly: 0.05 rem/mo
37
Occupational exposure limit in rad/min
5 rad/min
38
More ideal exposure limit per minute/mA with mag at 80 kVp?
2.2 rad/min/mA
39
Immediate RHB notification required If total effective dose is…
25 rem + (0.25 Sv)
40
Immediate RHB notification required If eye dose is…
75 rem + (0.75 Sv)
41
Immediate RHB notification required If shallow skin/extremity dose is…
250 rad + (2.5 Sv)
42
Conversion factor is a measure of what?
Brightness gain
43
What is this the equation for? Intensity of output phosphor —————————————— Input exposure rate (mrad/sec)
Conversion factor
44
General public dose limit in mSv/hr
0.02 mSv/hr
45
General annual public dose limit in mSv
1 mSv
46
What 4 things influence the level of scatter radiation?
kVp Area exposed Thickness Time exposed
47
24 hr RHB notification required If total effective dose is…
5 rem + (0.05 Sv)
48
24 hr RHB notification required If eye dose is…
15 rem + (0.15 Sv)
49
24 hr RHB notification required If shallow dose to skin/extremities is…
50 rem + (0.50 Sv)
50
Minification gain is an increase in ___ only.
Brightness
51
Equation for minification gain
(Input screen diameter) ^2 ————————————- (Output screen diameter) ^2
52
What is this the equation for? Focal length in mm ————————— Diameter in mm
F number
53
(Lower/higher) F number = more light available
Lower
54
The F number is basically the relative speed of the _______.
Camera lens
55
___ graphs the relationship between density and the eradication dose
Characteristic curve
56
___ is used to correct the resolving power to what actually would be realized in use.
Kell factor
57
Pixel size equation
FOV ————- Matrix
58
Electronic gain happens from the _____. Minification happens from the _____.
Accelerating anode (which speeds up electrons) Output image
59
The output phosphor converts ___ to ___.
Electrons —> light photons
60
Image intensifier steps to take the inputted X-rays to outputted light photons
1. X-rays —> light photons 2. Light photons absorbed —> electrons 3. Electrons —> accelerated 4. Accelerated electrons —> focused 5. Focused electrons —> light photons
61
The ohotocathode absorbs ___ and puts out ___.
Light photons —> electrons
62
The electrostatic lens focuses what where?
The accelerated electrons onto the output phosphor
63
Which focal spot? Manufacturer’s stated anode target size
Nominal
64
Which focal spot? X-ray beam length and width
Effective
65
Which focal spot? Area of the anode that’s actually struck by the X-ray
Actual
66
Which focal spot? Projected focal/anode target size measured at the image receptor
Measured

Fluoro Cram (8 decks)

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