REVIEW Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
6 major functions of the skeletal system
A
1 Support
2 Protect
3 Movement
4 Mineral Homeostasis
5 Blood Cell Production
6 Triglyceride Storage
2
Q
Where does red blood cell production occur?
A
Red bone marrow
3
Q
Where does triglyceride storage occur?
A
Yellow bone marrow
4
Q
What are the 3 parts of a long bone?
A
1 Diaphysis
2 Epiphysis
3 Metaphysis
5
Q
Which cells are bone building cells?
A
Osteoblasts
6
Q
Which cells maintain bone and exchange nutrients and waste?
A
Osteocytes
7
Q
Which cells digest bone matrix for bone turnover?
A
Osteoclasts
8
Q
3 types of joints?
A
1 Fibrous
2 Cartilaginous
3 Synovial
9
Q
Examples of fribrous joints?
A
skull
10
Q
Examples of cartilagnous joints?
A
pelvis
11
Q
Examples of synovial joints?
A
knee, elbow
12
Q
Ligaments attach what?
A
bone to bone
13
Q
Tendons attach what?
A
muscle to bone
14
Q
What are Bursa? Function?
Between what?
A
fluid filled sacs that reduce friction
skin and bone
tendon and bone
muscle and bone
ligaments and bone
15
Q
What are the 3 functions of cartilage?
A
1 covers ends of bone
2 absorbs shock
3 reduces friction
16
Q
4 major functions of muscles?
A
1 body movements
2 stabilize position
3 store & move substances
4 produce heat
17
Q
How many vertebrae in:
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Coccyx
A
C: 7
T: 12
L: 5
C: 4
18
Q
Which vertebrae have lordotic curvature?
A
cervical & lumbar
19
Q
Which vertebrae have kyphotic curvature?
A
thoracic & sacral
20
Q
Which vertebrae have faucets for rib articulation?
A
Thoracic
21
Q
Which are true ribs?
A
1-7
22
Q
Which are false ribs?
A
8-10
23
Q
Which are floating ribs?
A
11-12
24
Q
Where does the clavicle articulate medially?
A
sternum
25
Where does the clavicle articulate laterally?
acromion
26
What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?
1 Supraspinatus
2 Infraspinatus
3 Teres Minor
4 Subscapularis
27
Which muscle of the rotator cuff deals with internal rotation?
Subscapularis
28
What is at the proximal aspect of the ulna?
olecranon
29
How are metacarpals and phalanges numbered?
1-5 starting with the thumb or great toe
30
AC injury with complete
separation of the clavicle from acromion, what type?
Type III
31
Likely Dx?
-Gradual onset of anterior and lateral shoulder pain exacerbated by overhead activity
-Night pain and difficulty sleeping on affected side
-POS Neer's
-POS Hawkin's
Shoulder Impingement
32
Likely Dx?
-Chronic shoulder pain for several months
-Specific injury that triggered pain
-Night pain and difficulty sleeping on the affected side
-Complaints of weakness, catching and grating especially overhead activities
-Positive Drop Arm test
-Positive Empty Can tests
Rotator Cuff Tear
33
What test is helpful in diagnosing biceps tendonitis?
Speed’s Test
34
What are the 3 types of shoulder instability?
1 Dislocation
2 Instability
3 Subluxation
35
which shoulder instability is anterior, posterior, inferior or multidirectional glenohumeral laxity due to traumatic or atraumatic pathology?
Instability
36
which shoulder instability is humeral head partially slips out of socket with spontaneous
reduction?
Subluxation
37
which shoulder instability is humeral completely slips out of glenoid fossa with spontaneous reduction or sometimes requiring manual manipulation?
Dislocation
38
What are the 3 main phases of Adhesive Capsulitis?
1 Diffuse
2 Stiffness
3 Recovery
39
How long does the diffuse phase last?
2-9 months
40
How long does the stiffness phase last?
4-12 months
41
How long does the recovery phase last?
5-24 months
42
Which Epicondylitis is also called Tennis Elbow?
Lateral tendinosis
43
Which Epicondylitis is also called Golfer's elbow or bowler's elbow?
Medial tendinosis
44
Cubital tunnel syndrome & Median nerve compression usually occurs in the...?
wrist/hand
45
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome is compression of what nerve?
Ulnar Nerve
46
What special test is used to Dx Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
Tinel Sign
47
Varus Stress Test evaluates the integrity of what collateral ligament?
Lateral
48
Valgus Stress evaluates the integrity of what collateral ligament?
Medial
49
For any pt w/ a fracture what should you always assess?
Neurovascular status
50
What special test would be positive for a pt w/ de Quervain Tenosynovitis?
Positive Finkelstein
51
Tx for de Quervain Tenosynovitis?
-NSAIDs
-spica splint
-light duty
52
In "Jersey Finger" what tendon is torn?
Flexor digitorum profundus
53
In Mallet Finger what tendon is torn?
Extensor tendon
54
In Boutonniere Deformity what tendon is torn?
Extensor tendon
55
What finger injury appears flexed at the DIP?
Mallet finger
56
What finger injury is forcefully hyperextended?
Jersey finger
57
How long is Mallet finger splinted for?
6-8 weeks
58
What are the 3 bones that make up the pelvis?
1 ilium
2 ischium
3 pubis
59
which 2 bones make up the obturator foramen?
ischium & pubis
60
The head of what bone articulates with the acetabulum?
Femur
61
What articulates with the patella and tibia at the distal end?
Femur
62
What bone forms the medial malleolus at the distal end?
Tibia
63
What bone forms the lateral malleolus at the distal end?
Fibula
64
What are the most common types of hip dislocations?
Posterior
65
In a posterior hip dislocation how is the hip fixed?
adducted and internally rotated
66
In an anterior hip dislocation how is the hip fixed?
abducted and externally rotated
67
Fracture of the femoral shaft is mostly caused by what?
high energy trauma
68
What films should be obtained for a femoral shaft fracture?
hip, knee, pelvis, and femur
69
If pt complains of lateral hip pain what is the likely Dx?
Trochanteric Bursitis
70
ACL tear is usually caused by what kind of force?
twisting/hyperextension
71
What special tests can be done for suspected ACL tear?
Anterior drawer & Lachman
72
What are the 4 injury patterns for a PCL tear?
1 Dashboard injury
2 Hyperflexion injury
3 Hyperextension injury
4 Fall on a flexed knee
73
What Special Tests may be positive for a PCL tear?
Posterior Drawer
Sag Test
74
A Grade III LCL tear make require what tx?
Surgery
75
Prepatellar bursitis effects what aspect of the knee?
anterior
76
Pes anserine bursitis effects what aspect of the knee?
medial
77
Meniscal tear may require urgent ortho evaluation if what occurs?
"Bucket handle tear" causes locked knee
78
If pt is suspected of having Popliteal Cyst (Baker cyst) you should rule out what?
DVT
79
What's the best imaging to rule out DVT?
Ultrasound
80
What is characterized by pain and swelling at the tibial tubercle?
Osgood Schlatter
81
Which one goes away with rest, shin splints or tibial stress fractures?
shin splints
82
What are the 7 P's of compartment syndrome?
1 Pain
2 Pallor
3 Paresthesia
4 Paresis
5 Poikilothermic
6 Pressure
7 Pulselessness
83
Acute vs Exertional Compartment Syndrome?
Acute- sudden results from trauma
Exertional- occurs gradually, chronic, prolonged
84
Which Compartment Syndrome Acute or Exertional, is a medical emergency requiring surgery?
Acute
85
What are the 7 risk factors for Achilles Tendon Rupture?
1 Athletes
2 30-40y/o
3 Male
4 Obesity
5 Running issues
6 Fluoroquinolone use
7 Rheumatologic dx
86
Positive Anterior Drawer Test would indicate what type of ankle sprain?
ATFL
87
Positive Talar Tilt Test would indicate what type of ankle sprain?
CFL
88
Describe what fracture?
-The second metatarsal "keys" into a slot in the cuneiforms and is the stabilizing apex for the other tarsometatarsal joints
Lisfranc Fracture
89
T/F
Even a minimally displaced Lisfranc Fracture requires surgery?
True
90
An AP radiograph shows the second metatarsal base has shifted laterally, what is this?
Lisfranc Fracture
91
What creates hallux valgus which is lateral deviation of the great toe at MTP joint?
Bunion
92
Pt complains they feel as though they are "walking on a marble" or that there is "a wrinkle in my socks".
What's the likely Dx?
Morton Neuroma
93
Pt complains pain is often most severe on awakening walking the first few steps.
What's the likely Dx?
Plantar Fasciitis
94
Hyperextension injury of the first metatarsal
Turf Toe
95
Pathologic process affecting the nerve root
Radiculopathy
96
Clinical condition that involves neck, shoulder, or arm pain
Cervical Radiculopathy
97
What special test can be used for Dx Cervical Radiculopathy?
Spurling Test
98
T/F
Cervical Strain is usually self-limiting and will heal on its own?
True
99
Cervical strain is commonly from what MOI?
whiplash
100
What are the 3 Red Flags for LBP?
1) Saddle anesthesia
2) Loss of bowel/bladder function
3) Lower extremity weakness
101
What is our 3 goals of tx for Scoliosis?
(1) Improve function
(2) Quality of life
(3) Stamina improvement
102
What part of the scapula is considered the tip of the shoulder?
Acromion
103
Which muscle of the rotator cuff helps with internal rotation?
Subscapularis
