Review Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
Having resources, information, and attitudes that lead to action to achieve a desired goal
A
Empowerment
2
Q
The creative process of developing your ideas
A
Invention
3
Q
How the speech is organized
A
Arrangement
4
Q
Your choice of words
A
Style
5
Q
The extent to which you use notes or rely on your memory to share your ideas
A
Memory
6
Q
The nonverbal expression of your message
A
Delivery
7
Q
The delivery of an already famous speech
A
Declamation
8
Q
The expression of emotion through posture, movement, gesture, facial expressions, and voice
A
Elocution
9
Q
What is the central concept of the speech making process model?
A
To consider the audience during your speech. At any point during your speech you may learn something new about the audience and may need to revise your speech.
10
Q
An example of a topic:
A
British TV shows that inspired American TV shows
11
Q
An example of a general purpose:
A
To inform
12
Q
An example of a specific purpose:
A
At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to identify three classic British TV shows that inspired American versions
13
Q
An example of a specific purpose:
A
At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to identify three classic British TV shows that inspired American versions
14
Q
An example of a central idea:
A
The Office, Antiques Roadshows, and Undercover Bass began as British TV programs that have become successful American TV shows.
15
Q
Which amendment to the United States Constitution protects free speech?
A
First Amendment
16
Q
The beliefs, values, and moral principles by which people determine what is right or wrong
A
Ethics
17
Q
Three criteria for speaking ethically:
A
- Have a clear responsible goal
- Use sound evidence and reasoning
- Be sensitive to and tolerant of differences, be honest, do not plagiarize
18
Q
The spoken presentation of source information, including the author, title, and year of publication
A
Oral citation
19
Q
The print presentation of source information, including the author, title, and year of publication, usually formatted according to a conventional style guide
A
Written citation
20
Q
Five listening components of a good listener:
A
- Selecting
- Attending
- Understanding
- Remembering
- Responding
21
Q
To single out a message from several competing messages
A
Selecting
22
Q
To focus on incoming information for further processing
A
Attending
23
Q
To assign meaning to the information to which you attend
A
Understanding
24
Q
To recall ideas and information
A
Remembering
25
To react with a chance in behavior to a speakers message
Responding
26
Describe three ways to become a better listener:
1. Listen with your eyes as well as your ears
2. Listen mindfully
3. Listen skillfully
27
Someone who is comfortable listening to others express feelings and emotions
Relational-oriented listener
28
Someone who prefers information that is well organized, brief, and precise
Task-orented listener
29
Someone who prefers messages that are supported with facts and details
Analytical listeners
30
Someone who prefers to evaluate messages
Critical listeners
31
What are the three metrics of effective feedback?
Rhetorical criticism, rhetoric, symbols
32
Statistical information on population characteristics such as age, race, gender, sexual orientation, educational level, and religious views
Audience demographics
33
What is the difference between an open-ended and a close-ended question?
Getting information formally requires that you develop a carefully written survey or questionnaire. Informal is relying on inferences drawn from causal observations and conversations with other.
34
Questions that allow for unrestricted answers by not limiting answers to choices or alternatives
Open ended questions
35
Questions that offer alternatives from which to choose, such as true or false, agree or disagree, or multiple choice
Close ended questions
36
Give an open ended question example and a close ended question example:
Open ended: What are your feelings about having high school health clinics dispense birth-control pills?
Close ended: Are you in favor of school-based health clinics dispensing birth-control pills to high school students? Yes or no
37
The culturally constructed and psychologically based perception of ones self as feminine or masculine
Gender
38
A persons biological status of male or female, as reflected in his or her anatomy and reproductive system
Sex
39
A learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms shared by a group of people
Culture
40
The portion of a persons cultural background that incudes such factors as nationality, religion, language, and ancestral heritage, which are shared by a group of people who also share a common geographic origin
Ethnicity
41
A group of people with a common cultural history, nationality, or geographical location, as well as genetically transmitted physical characteristics
Race
42
The assumption that ones own cultural perspectives and methods are superior to those of other cultures
Ethnocentrism
43
What are the three components of Socio-economic status?
Income, occupation, education
44
What are the three components of psychological audience analysis?
Attitude, belief, value
45
An individuals perception of what is true or false
Attitude
46
An individuals perception of what is true or false
Belief
47
Enduring concept of good and bad, right and wrong
Value
48
What are three of the four components of situational audience analysis?
Time, size of audience, location
49
What to do if your audience seems inattentive or bored
Tell a story
50
What to do if your audience seems confused or doesn’t seem to understand your point
Phrase your information in a different way
51
If your audience seems to be disagreeing with your message
Provide additional evidence to support your point
52
What are the six types of presentation aids?
Images, text, video, audio, objects and models, people
53
What are the two guidelines about how to use computer-generated presentation aids?
1. Identify practical applications of your message
2. Maintain a conversational delivery
54
What are the four guidelines for using presentation aids?
1. Keep them simple
2.select the right presentation aid
3. Do not use dangerous or illegal presentation aids
4. Allow plenty of time to prepare your presentation aids
55
The term Aristotle used to refer to a speakers credibility
Ethos
56
The term Aristotle used to refer to logic
Logos
57
The term Aristotle used to appeal to human emotion
Pathos
58
Persuasion that occurs when audience members critically examine evidence and argument
Direct persuasion
59
Persuasion that occurs as a result of factors peripheral to a speakers logic argument
Indirect persuasion
60
What are physiological needs?
Most basic needs, we all have things like this that need to be met
61
What are safety needs?
We all need to feel loved and valued
62
What are social needs?
We all need to feel loved and valued
63
What are self-esteem needs?
We have a desire to think well of ourselves
64
What are self-actualization needs?
The need to achieve one’s highest potential
65
What is it when listeners disagree with the speaker?
Latitude of rejection
66
When listeners are uncommitted or not sure how to respond
Latitude of non commitment
67
Listeners agree with the speakers
Latitude of acceptance
68
Knowing what the audience members view as desirable, good, and virtuous
Positive emotion
69
Seeking to motivate or persuade by threatening harm or danger unless action is taken to reduce the harm or danger
Negative emotion
70
A proposition focusing on whether something is true or false or whether it did or did not happen
Proposition of fact
71
A proposition calling for the listener to judge the worth or importance of something
Proposition of value
72
A proposition advocating a charge in a police, procedure, or behavior
Proposition of policy
73
Two elements to consider when selecting reasons and evidence to support your speech:
Competence, trustworthiness
74
Making a claim based on little evidence.
Hasty generalization
75
A link between premises and conclusion that depends on some imagined casual connection
False cause
76
A conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement
Non-sequitur
77
A claim that something is true because everyone believes it
Bandwagon
78
When irrelevant information is presented alongside reveled to information, distracting attention from the relevant information
Red herring
79
An argument that relies on the statement of a false authority figure, who is framed as a credible authority on the topic being discussed
False or misplaced authority
80
When it is attempted to make something appear simpler by ignoring certain relevant complexities
Oversimplification
81
When an arguments premises assume the truth of the conclusion instead of supporting it
Begging the question
82
An argument is constructed so as to imply the necessity of choosing one of only two alternatives
Either-or
83
When someone attacks the person instead of attacking his or her argument
Ad hominem
84
The impression of a speakers credibility that listeners have before the speaker starts a speech
Initial credibility
85
The perception of a speakers credibility that is formed during a speech
Terminal credibility
86
The final impression listeners have of a speakers credibility after a speech concludes
Derived credibility
87
Two examples of how you can establish credibility with your audience:
1. Make a good first impression
2. Establish common ground with your audience
88
Erasing that uses specific instances or examples to reach a general, probable conclusion
Inductive reasoning
89
Reasoning that moves from a general statement of principle to a specific, certain conclusion
Deductive reasoning
90
A three-part argument that consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion
Syllogism
91
Explain the three parts of syllogism:
1. Major premise- a general statement
2. Minor premise- a specific statement about an example that is linked to the major premise
3. Conclusion- the logical outcome of a deductive argument
92
A speaker who gains control over others by using unethical emotional pleas and appeals to listeners prejudices
Demagogue
93
The sense of mental discomfort that prompts a person to change when new information conflicts with previously organized thought patterns
Cognitive dissonance
94
A speech that serves as information to the audience about the main speaker.
Speech of introduction
95
A speech that gives information to the audience about a nominee.
Speech of nomination
96
A speech that accompanies giving an award
Award presentation
97
Speech given by anyone who receives an award
Speech of acceptance
98
A brief salute to an occasion
Toast
99
Ridiculing or criticizing someone to honor them
Roast
100
Type of speech given when someone has died.
Eulogy
101
Given at a graduation or commencement ceremony
Commencement address
102
A speech given to celebrate some past even, usually included is a tribute to the person involved
Commemorative address
103
A speech given at the beginning of a meeting or conference.
Keynote address
104
Have funny subjects or humorous treatments of more serious subjects.
Humorous speech/ speech to entertain
