review

Question 2

What is the main component of natural gas?

Answer 2

Methane, CH4(g)

Question 3

What does it mean for natural gas to be referred to as ‘sour’?

Answer 3

It contains impurities such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide (H2S(g))

Question 4

What is a ‘sweet’ natural gas?

Answer 4

Natural gas that does not contain hydrogen sulfide

Question 5

Define ‘alkane’.

Answer 5

A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds between carbon atoms

Question 6

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 6

C_nH_(2n+2)

Question 7

What is the physical state of alkanes with five or more carbons at SATP?

Answer 7

Liquid

Question 8

What are alkanes classified as?

Answer 8

Saturated hydrocarbons

Question 9

What is the purpose of a molecular formula?

Answer 9

Indicates the type and number of atoms

Question 10

What does a structural formula show?

Answer 10

The connectivity of atoms in a compound

Question 11

What is a condensed structural formula?

Answer 11

Shows connecting groups of atoms in a compound

Question 12

What are structural isomers?

Answer 12

Compounds with the same molecular formula, but different structures

Question 13

What is a branch in organic chemistry?

Answer 13

Any group of atoms that is not part of the main structure of the molecule

Question 14

What is an alkyl branch?

Answer 14

A branch consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 15

What is the first step in naming branched alkanes?

Answer 15

Number the longest chain of carbon atoms (the parent chain)

Question 16

How are identical groups attached to the main chain designated?

Answer 16

With prefixes: 2–di, 3–tri, 4–tetra, 5–penta, 6–hexa

Question 17

What is a cycloalkane?

Answer 17

A cyclic hydrocarbon with all carbon–carbon single bonds

Question 18

What is the formula for cycloalkanes?

Answer 18

C_nH_(2n)

Question 19

What are unsaturated compounds?

Answer 19

Organic compounds with carbon–carbon double or triple bonds

Question 20

Define hydrogenation.

Answer 20

The conversion of an unsaturated hydrocarbon to a saturated hydrocarbon by the addition of hydrogen

Question 21

What are alkenes?

Answer 21

Hydrocarbons that contain carbon–carbon double bonds

Question 22

What is the formula for alkenes?

Answer 22

C_nH_(2n)

Question 23

What are alkynes?

Answer 23

Hydrocarbons that contain carbon–carbon triple bonds

Question 24

What is the formula for alkynes?

Answer 24

C_nH_(2n–2)

Question 25

How is the longest chain for alkenes and alkynes determined?

Answer 25

It must contain the multiple bond, numbered from the end closest to the multiple bond

Question 26

What is cracking?

Answer 26

An industrial process in which large hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller hydrocarbons

Question 27

What is benzene?

Answer 27

C6H6(l), a unique hydrocarbon ring structure with a characteristic aroma

Question 28

What are aromatics?

Answer 28

Structures based on benzene

Question 29

What is the process of catalytic reforming?

Answer 29

Converts aliphatic molecules in a gasoline fraction to aromatic gasoline molecules

Question 30

What is complete combustion?

Answer 30

A hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water vapour as the only products

Question 31

What is incomplete combustion?

Answer 31

A hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce products other than carbon dioxide and water vapour

Question 32

What are organic halides?

Answer 32

Organic compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms

Question 33

What is a functional group?

Answer 33

A characteristic arrangement of atoms within a molecule that determines the most important chemical and physical properties

Question 34

What is an alcohol?

Answer 34

An organic molecule that contains the hydroxyl (–OH) functional group

Question 35

What are primary alcohols?

Answer 35

Alcohols where the carbon atom containing the –OH is bonded to one other carbon atom

Question 36

What are secondary alcohols?

Answer 36

Alcohols where the carbon atom containing the –OH is bonded to two other carbon atoms

Question 37

What are tertiary alcohols?

Answer 37

Alcohols where the carbon atom containing the –OH is bonded to three other carbon atoms

Question 38

What are polyalcohols?

Answer 38

Alcohols that contain more than one hydroxyl group

Question 39

What is an elimination reaction?

Answer 39

Involves eliminating atoms or groups of atoms from adjacent carbon atoms in an organic molecule

Question 40

What is dehydrogenation?

Answer 40

The removal of hydrogen from a molecule, often associated with elimination reactions