Review Flashcards
(21 cards)
Most of the HCO3 reabsorption that represents renal compensation for acid/base disturbances occurs at which portion of the nephron?
- Proximal tubule
- Distal tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Bowman’s capsule
- Collecting tubule
Proximal tubule
A strict no-carb high protein diet might on rare occasions cause a metabolic disorder in the acid/base balance. This is due to the overproduction of keto acids from protein digestion. This causes?
Question 28 options:
A base deficit from lowering [HCO3-]
A change in the non-bicarbonate buffering levels
A decrease in PCO2 from an increase in bicarbonate
A reduction on blood buffering ability by hemoglobin
A base deficit from lowering [HCO3-]
The advantage that the Siggard-Andersen Alignment Nomogram has over the Davenport Diagram is that…
Question 27 options:
It allows hemoglobin concentrations to be determined
It better determines the difference between acute and chronic imbalances
It better determines the difference between metabolic and respiratory imbalances
Base excess/deficiency can be quantified
Base excess/deficiency can be quantified
The following questions deal with an individual diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The patient would show levels of blood glucose
Question 25 options:
High
Low
Unchanged
High
The diagonal line on the Davenport Diagram which is used to show the relationship of pH, [HCO3-] and PCO2 represents?
Question 24 options:
The buffering value of hemoglobin and blood plasma proteins
The ability of the lungs to remove/retain CO2 in the body to balance acid/base levels
The ability of the kidneys to excrete acid to compensate for acid imbalances
The buffering value of bicarbonate
The buffering value of bicarbonate
The following questions deal with an individual diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.
What sort of acid base disturbance would also be seen with this individual?
Question 21 options:
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
In an individual diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, excretion of phosphate would
Question 20 options:
remain unchanged.
decrease.
increase.
increase.
What is the “Chloride Ion Shift”?
Question 19 options:
Movement of Cl- out of the blood stream by the kidneys
The addition or removal of a proton from a Cl- ion
exchange of Cl- for bicarbonate across the membrane of a red blood cell
Increased (or decreased) capacity for the blood to buffer Cl-
exchange of Cl- for bicarbonate across the membrane of a red blood cell
When CO2 is produced from cellular metabolism it combines with water within red blood cells forming bicarbonate in the presence of what enzyme?
Question 18 options:
carbonyl dehydrogenase
Carbonic anhydrase
Co-A synthetase
Imidizole carbonic transferase
Carbonic anhydrase
The extent of bicarbonate formation in the blood depends primarily on the
Question 17 options:
temperature
solubility of bicarbonate in the plasma
type of bicarbonate being formed
solubility of carbonic acid
blood buffers
blood buffers
Which condition occurs when there is decreased PCO2, increased pH, and decreased bicarbonate.
Question 15 options:
Acute respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
Acute respiratory acidosis
No evidence of acidosis or alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
If a person stops breathing and CPR (mouth to mouth) is preformed for an extended time cardiac arrest might result from what complication?
Question 13 options:
Chronic metabolic acidosis
Acute respiratory alkalosis
Acute respiratory acidosis
Chronic metabolic alkalosis
Acute respiratory alkalosis
Which of the following occur as a result of hyperventilation?
Question 12 options:
Reduced PCO2
Lowering pH
Raising HCO3-
All of the above
Reduced PCO2
You are a physician and you see a very young patient that is urinating in excess. Testing the child’s urine and blood shows elevated levels of monobasic phosphate and ammonium excretion in the urine and a low level of plasma bicarbonate. The blood pH is 7.35. You also notice that the patient breaths fast even when sitting still. This increase in breathing is due to?
Question 9 options:
Compensation for metabolic acidosis
Chronic metabolic alkalosis
Hyperventilation causing respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Compensation for metabolic acidosis
In an individual diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, excretion of bicarbonate would
Question 8 options:
remain unchanged.
increase.
decrease.
decrease.
Acidification of the blood will cause what change to the affinity of oxygen binding to hemoglobin?
Question 7 options:
It will reduce the hemoglobin present in the blood
It will decrease oxygen-hemoglobin binding
It will lead to respiratory acidosis
It will not allow for metabolic compensation
None of the above
It will decrease oxygen-hemoglobin binding
Which of the following locations contain chemoreceptors sensitive to changes in plasma H+?
Question 6 options:
hypothalamus
mammillary bodies
none of the above
medulla
carotid bodies
carotid bodies
In an individual with diabetes mellitus, excretion of ammonium would
Question 4 options:
increase.
decrease.
remain unchanged.
increase.
Chemoreceptors that sense [H+] are found ______________ and chemoreceptors for PCO2 are found _______________.
Question 3 options:
heart, lungs
brain, heart
heart, brain
brain, lungs
brain, lungs
You are a physician and you see a very young patient that is urinating in excess. Testing the child’s urine and blood shows elevated levels of monobasic phosphate and ammonium excretion in the urine and a low level of plasma bicarbonate. The blood pH is 7.35. What is causing the increase acidity of the blood?
Question 1 options:
Acute Respiratory Acidosis
Hypoventilation
Overproduction of organic acids
Compensation for metabolic alkalosis
Overproduction of organic acids
