Review Flashcards
(28 cards)
Pulse Deficit
condition where the number of pulse beats counted at the wrist is
less than those counted in the same period of time at the heart (A-Fib)
Pulsus Paradoxus
pulse that is more or less suppressed at the close of each full
inspiration (pericarditis)
Pulse Alternans
a weak pulse alternating with a stronger one
Coronary Artery Disease
Decreased blood flow to the
heart muscle where either
the basic needs for oxygen
are not met or the oxygen
supply is insufficient when
an increased demand for
oxygen is made
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the
arterial walls
Atherosclerosis
Affects the intima of the arteries, buildup of lipids and calcium
HDL vs LDL
High density is our friend, as it picks up cholesterol and carries it throughout the body, whereas low density will drop off deposits causing buildup and risk of clotting related MI issues.
Non-modifiable Risk Factors
- Heredity
- Gender
- Race
- Age
Modifiable Risk Factors
- Alcohol intake
- Hypertension
- Ventricular hypertrophy
- Cholesterol
- Smoking
- Drug use
- Stress
- Inactive lifestyle
- Obesity
- Diabetes
Stable Angina
Transient episodes of chest pain or discomfort related to
increased myocardial oxygen demand, can be alleviated with rest
Unstable Angina
A syndrome of intermediate severity between stable angina
and acute myocardial infarction, not alleviated by rest
Precipitating Factors
- Emotional /Psychiatric Causes
- Non-coronary Cardiovascular Causes
- GI Causes
- Pulmonary Causes
- Neuromuscular Causes
Prinzmetal’s Angina
Angina spasm, not
coronary artery disease.
Pericarditis
infection of the pericardium, STEMI in non-contiguous leads
Pericardial Effusion
Excess accumulation of fluid, blood, pus, or all three in the
pericardium
Cardiac Tamponade
Significant compression of the heart by accumulating pericardial
content
Endocarditis
Disease where infective organisms invade the endothelial lining of
the heart (Osler’s nodes)
Layers of the arteries
From outside to in
- Tunica Adventitia
- Tunica Media
- Tunica Intima
Myocardial Ischemia
Ischemia results when the heart’s demand for oxygen exceeds its
supply from the coronary circulation
Transmural MI
Ischemic necrosis of the full thickness of the affected
muscle segments, extending from the endocardium
through the myocardium to the epicardium
Non-transmural MI
Area of ischemic necrosis is limited to the endocardium or
the endocardium and the myocardium, but it does not
extend through the full thickness of the myocardial wall
Biomarkers
- Creatine Kinase (CK)
- Creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB)
- Myoglobin
- Troponin I (TnI)
- Troponin T (TnT)
What is the most common symptom of an MI
Chest pain
Patient demographics more likely to demonstrate atypical signs/symptoms of an MI
- Elderly
- Diabetics
- Women
- PMH of thoracic surgery
