Review 19

Question 1

Layers of atmosphere

Answer 1

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere

Question 2

Radiation

Answer 2

all forms of energy that travel through space as waves

Question 3

Conduction

Answer 3

the transfer of energy as heat through a material

Question 4

Convection

Answer 4

the movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations; can result in the transfer of energy as heat

Question 5

Coriolis effect

Answer 5

the curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to Earth’s rotation

Question 6

Global winds

Answer 6

looping patterns of air flow, called convection cells, that move from the poles to the equator

Question 7

Trade winds

Answer 7

prevailing winds that blow from 30° to 0° latitude in both hemispheres

Question 8

Westerlies

Answer 8

prevailing winds that blow from west to east between 30° and 60° latitude in both

Question 9

Polar easterlies

Answer 9

prevailing winds that blow from east to west between 60° and 90° latitude in both hemispheres

Question 10

Front

Answer 10

polar easterlies meet warm air from the westerlies, creating a stormy area

Question 11

What do scientists use to measure atmospheric pressure?

Answer 11

Barometer

Question 12

What can air pollution do?

Answer 12

Damage the ozone layer, contaminate surfaces, etc.

Question 13

What are the two different types of barometers and how do they work?

Answer 13

Aneroid and mercurial barometers; aneroid baromoters contain sealed metal containers that have partial vacuums, where changes in pressure causes bending or bulging, those changes move a pointer; mercurial barometers contain mercury, pressure pressed down on the liquid, mercury rises

Question 14

What do temperature inversions cause?

Answer 14

Smog (smoke and fog)

Question 15

What are the most abundant elements and compounds in the atmosphere?

Answer 15

Most abundant elements: Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Argon
Most abundant compounds: Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor

Question 16

How does radiation from the sun get to Earth?

Answer 16

Travels through space as waves, is absorbed or reflected by Earth’s surface and atmosphere

Question 17

Know the percentages for how much radiation is absorbed and reflected by Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere.

Answer 17

approximately 70% is absorbed, while around 30% is reflected back out into Space

Question 18

Certain types of radiation are absorbed, some are not. Which ones are, which ones aren’t?

Answer 18

Short waves are absorbed in the atmosphere since they are harmful, longer ones can get through.

Question 19

When the radiation is absorbed by Earth’s surface, what kind of energy is it converted to?

Answer 19

Thermal energy

Question 20

What time of day is it hottest and why?

Answer 20

The afternoon is hottest because the sun is hitting Earth at a very high angle

Question 21

What angles do the sun’s rays strike the equator vs. the Poles?

Answer 21

Sunlight strikes the equator at around 90 degrees, while the Poles are struck at 0 degrees

Question 22

Doldrums and Horse latitudes, where they’re located.

Answer 22

Doldrums meet at the equator in a narrow zone, Horse latitudes are located around 30 degrees north and south of the equator

Question 23

Jet streams

Answer 23

a narrow band of strong winds that blow in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

Question 24

What affects local wind patterns?

Answer 24

Local temperature variations

Question 25

What are the prevailing winds that dominate the U.S.?

Answer 25

Westerlies

Question 26

Which way will the wind curve through the Coriolis effect?

Answer 26

North from equator, curves east.

Question 27

Identify common forms of particulates.

Answer 27

Pollen, dust, dirt, volcanic ash, salt...

Question 28

What causes auroras?

Answer 28

Interactions between solar radiation and the ionosphere

Question 29

Know the water cycle.

Answer 29

Evaporation, condensation, precipitation.

Question 30

What causes particulates?

Answer 30

Tiny particles from various sources being suspended in the atmosphere for months or years

Question 31

All radiant energy reaches Earth as a form of

Answer 31

electromagnetic waves

Question 32

Solar energy warms Earth when radiation is

Answer 32

absorbed

Question 33

The gas that makes up most of Earth's atmosphere is

Answer 33

Nitrogen

Question 34

The atmospheric layer that is closest to Earth and where all weather conditions exist is

Answer 34

The troposphere

Question 35

The main source of pollution is

Answer 35

The burning of fossil fuels

Question 36

Mesosphere

Answer 36

the coldest layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature decreases as altitude increases

Question 37

Stratosphere

Answer 37

A layer of the atmosphere in which temperature increases as altitude increases; contains the ozone layer

Question 38

Thermosphere

Answer 38

the uppermost layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altitude increases; includes the ionosphere

Question 39

What makes up a global wind belt?

Answer 39

Trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies

Question 40

Prevailing winds that blow throughout the contiguous United States are called

Answer 40

westerlies