Review

Question 0

Define Disease

Answer 0

Particular pathophysiological condition with characteristic features

Question 1

Define Pathophysiology

Answer 1

The study of changes in body function that may result from disease or disorder

Question 2

Define Disorder

Answer 2

Disturbance/ abnormality of function, indicates incomplete health

Question 3

Define signs

Answer 3

Objective measurement

Question 4

Define symptoms

Answer 4

Symptoms

Question 5

Define Atrophy

Answer 5

Decrease in size

Question 6

Define Hypertrophy

Answer 6

increase in size

Question 7

Define Hyperplasia

Answer 7

Increase in number

Question 8

Define Meta/Dysplasia

Answer 8

change in cell type

Question 9

What are the causes of cellular Atrophy

Answer 9

Decreased use
Denervation ( loss of nerve supply)
Loss of endocrine stimulation

Question 10

Define cellular Hypertrophy

Answer 10

Increase in cell size may occur in tissues which have lost The ability to divide

Question 11

What can cause cellular Hypertrophy

Answer 11

Normal physiological response for example growth of skeletal muscle following exercise program

abnormal pathological

Question 12

Define Cellular Hyperplasia

Answer 12

Increase in cell number in tissues and which have the ability to divide

Question 13

List the causes of Physiological hyperplasia

Answer 13

Hormonal ie in pregnancy

Compensatory ie re growth of liver cells after surgery

Question 14

List the non-physiological hyperplasia causes

Answer 14

Excessive hormonal stimulation of tissues

Viral infections

Question 15

Define Metaplasia

Answer 15

Reversible change in which one adult cell type is replace by another

Question 16

Give an example of Metaplasia

Answer 16

Chronic irritation and inflammation from smoking causes the replacement of ciliates columnar epithelium in the trachea by stratified squamous epithelium

Question 17

Define Dysplasia

Answer 17

Adaptive response to chronic irritation/inflammation involving deranged and potentially reversible cell growth . Precursor to cancer

Question 18

Define apoptosis

Answer 18

Programmed cell death that occurs from birth to old age

Question 19

Define necrosis

Answer 19

Pathological cell death

Question 20

Define pharmacology

Answer 20

The study of drugs and how they interact in living systems

Question 21

Describe some therapeutic uses of drugs

Answer 21

Diagnose disease
Prevent disease
Treat disease
Prevent / terminate pregnancy

Question 22

What is clinical pharmacology

Answer 22

The study of drugs in humans

Question 23

Define pharmacodynamics

Answer 23

The study of chemical interactions in body/cells & how drugs work

Question 24

Define Pharmacokinetics

Answer 24

The study of how drugs pass through the body.eg absorption, metabolism, toxicology, distribution, excretion.

Question 25

What is a drug

Answer 25

The active ingredient of a medicine | Any chemical that can affect a living process in any way

Question 26

How do drugs affect living processes

Answer 26

Mimic chemicals in the body | Block chemical reactions

Question 27

What are the properties of an ideal drug

Answer 27

Safety Effectiveness Selectivity

Question 28

What are the desirable properties of an ideal drug

Answer 28

``` Reversible action Predictability Stability Freedom from interactions Inexpensive Ease of admin Simple generic name ```

Question 29

Define pharmacokinetics

Answer 29

What the body does to a drug

Question 30

Define pharmacodynamics

Answer 30

What a drug does to a body

Question 31

Define agonist

Answer 31

A chemical that binds to a cell

Question 32

What is an antagonist

Answer 32

Something opposing or resisting the action of another, certain structure, agents, diseases or physiologic processes that tend to nutrilise or impede action or effect of another

Question 33

What is a competitive antagonist

Answer 33

A receptor antagonist that binds to a receptor but does not activate the receptor.

Question 34

Define efficacy

Answer 34

The ability to produce a desired or intended result

Question 35

Define ligand

Answer 35

Is an ion or molecule that binds to a central metal atom to form coordination complex

Question 36

Define hypoxic

Answer 36

Deprivation of a body part because of lack of oxygen

Question 37

Define arteriosclerosis

Answer 37

The thinking , Hardening and loss of elasticity of the walls of the artery

Question 38

Define ischaemia

Answer 38

The restriction of blood supply to tissues causing a shortage of oxygen

Question 39

What is the most common food drug interactions result in an

Answer 39

Decrease in the rate of drug absorption

Question 40

What agent is used to correct lead poisoning

Answer 40

A chelating agent

Question 41

An allergic reaction to a drug is determined by

Answer 41

Degree of sensitisation of a persons immune system

Question 42

Define drug abuse

Answer 42

Drug use inconsistent with medical or social norms