REVIEW 4 (Pulm) Flashcards

1
Q

Deletions in the _________ of Chromosome _______ are frequently found in all types of lung cancers

A

Deletions in the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p)

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2
Q

Which oncogenes are associated with lung cancer?

A

K-ras oncogenes

Myc oncogene

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3
Q

What 2 tumor suppressor genes are associated with lung cancer

A
  1. Mutations in the p53 gene (50% of Small cell carcinomas and 50% of Non-small cell carcinomas)
  2. Retinoblastoma gene (Rb) mutations (>80% of small cell carcinomas, 25% Non-small cell Carcinomas)
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4
Q

Which lung carcinoma is a distinctive subtype of adenocarcinoma that grows along preexisting alveolar walls?

A

Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma

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5
Q

Which lung carcinoma accounts for 1-5 % of all invasive lung tumors?

A

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC)

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6
Q

Which Lung carcinoma?

Copious mucin in the sputum is a distinctive sign

A

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC)

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7
Q

Which lung cancer?

Grossly:

  • may appear as a single peripheral nodule or coin lesion (50%)
  • multiple nodules or a diffuse infiltrate indisting-uishible from a lobar pneumonia.
A

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC)

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8
Q

Which lung cancer?

2 major histologic patterns:

  • 2/3 are nonmucinous
  • 1/3 are mucinous tumors featuring increased amounts of goblet cells.
A

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC)

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9
Q

Prognosis of which lung cancer?

  • tumor limited to the lung (Stage I), detected as a solitary coin lesion= GOOD prognosis
  • those w/ multiple nodules or diffuse lung involvement= POORER outcome
A

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC)

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10
Q

Which lung carcinomas have the strongest association with cigarette smoking?

A

Squamous cell and small cell carcinomas

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11
Q

Which lung carcinoma accounts for 30% of all invasive lung cancers in the U.S. (about equal to adenocarcinomas) and is always associated with cigarette smoking.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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12
Q

Which lung carcinoma?

Most arise in the central portion of the lung, although 10% can arise from the periphery.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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13
Q

Which lung carcinoma?

Grossly: firm, gray-white ulcerative masses which extend through the bronchial wall into the adjacent parenchyma.

A

Squamous cell carcinomas

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14
Q

Which lung carcinoma?

diagnosis may be made by cytology from bronchial washings or bronchial brushings during bronchoscopy. (central location

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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15
Q

Are most Squamous cell carcinoma lung cancers invasive at diagnosis?

–>Resection specimens of these tumors reveal carcinoma in-situ in only one-third of cases, whereas the rest reveal varying degrees of invasion.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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16
Q

Which lung carcinoma has the following clinical presentation?

  1. cough
  2. dyspnea
  3. hemoptysis
  4. chest pain
  5. +/-pneumonia with pleural effusions
A

Squamous cell carcinoma

17
Q

Which lung carcinoma?

Most centrally located tumors may produce bronchial obstruction with pneumonia, persistent cough and hemoptysis if eroded into a vessel.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

18
Q

Why do squamous cell carcinoma lung tumors have a better prognosis?

A

They tend to metastasize to local lymph nodes (hilar) and somewhat later

19
Q

Which lung carcinoma?

  1. Accounts for about 30% of primary lung cancers
  2. tends to arise in the periphery of the lungs
  3. often associated with scars which can result in puckering of the pleural.
  4. Slight association with smoking.
A

Adenocarcinoma of the lung

20
Q

The following describes the gross appearance of which lung cancer?

  • Appear as irregular masses
  • on cut section: appear gray-white in color, soft and glistening, depending on the amount of mucus
A

Adenocarcinoma of the lung

21
Q

10-15% of patients with ________ have no obvious sxs and the tumor is discovered incidentally during routine CXR

A

Lung cancer

22
Q

The following are some general clinical features of what?

  • Coughing/wheezing/dyspnea
  • Hemoptysis
  • weight loss
  • cachexia
  • Extension into pleural surface= effusion and progressive dyspnea secondary to compression
A

Lung cancer

23
Q

The following are clinical features of lung cancer if there is ______ at the time of dx:

  • hepatomegaly
  • neurologic sxs (seizures)
  • Fractures
  • Destruction of the adrenal gland- Addison’s disease
A

Distant metastasis

24
Q

What does the following describe?

  • The (pulmonary) lesion remains localized and heal with calcification that can be seen on CXR
  • Single nodule
A

Coin lesion

25
Q

What is the old term for mesothelioma (a carcinoma of the lung)?

A

Rind Tumor