Review 4 TAG Degradation, Fatty Acid Oxidation, and Ketone Body Metabolism

Question 1

What does epinephrine activate to metabolize fatty acids from adipose tissue triacylgycerols?

Answer 1

HSTL (hormone sensitive triacylglycerol lipase)

Question 2

Does epinephrine activate fatty acid biosynthesis or b-oxidation of fatty acids?

Answer 2

B-oxidation of fatty acids

Question 3

What 3 things does beta-oxidation of fatty acids lead to?

Answer 3

1. increase ketone body formation
2. increased ATP–>facilitates gluconeogenesis
3. inhibits glycolysis

Question 4

Why is triacylglycerol broken down to fatty acids?

Answer 4

body needs a source of energy

• can make ketones
• can facilitate gluconeogenesis to make glucose

Question 5

What does Carnitine do?

Answer 5

Transports fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix

Question 6

What is the product of fatty acid biosynthesis?

Answer 6

Malonyl CoA–>decrease in B-oxidation

Question 7

What is Malonyl-CoA?

Answer 7

Product of fatty acid BIOSYNTHESIS catalyzed by Acetyl CoA Carboxylase

Question 8

What is the inhibitor of CPT-1? What does this lead to?

Answer 8

Malonyl CoA–>decrease in B-oxidation –>reduces ketone body formation

Question 9

Where and with what enzymes are ketone body synthesized and utilized?

Answer 9

Synthesized: liver mitochondria
-HMG CoA synthase
(Acetyl CoA-->Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA_
Used: Mitochondria of muscle, brain, other tissues
-thiophorase
(Acetoacetate-->Acetyl CoA)

Question 10

What increases fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 10

Cirtrate and insulin

Question 11

What are fatty acids made from and what is the enzyme?

Answer 11

Carbohydrates–>Acetyl CoA-(Acetyl CoA carboxylase)–>Malonyl CoA

Question 12

Where does fatty acid synthesis take place?

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

What two allosteric effects reduce ketone formation?

Answer 13

Product of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Malonyl-CoA

Activation of Acetyl CoA caroboxylase