Review

Question 1

What structures make up the Central nervous system?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

How many cranial nerves are there?

Answer 2

12 pairs

Question 3

What is the nucleus of origin?

Answer 3

Motor function; where cell bodies give rise to motor/efferent neurons

Question 4

Do all neurons have nuclei of origin?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

what is the nuclei of termination?

Answer 5

sensory info; cell bodies give rise to sensory/efferent neurons; receive info from sensory PNS neurons and relay info to higher brain centers

Question 6

Are cell bodies of the nuclei of termination located in or extending to the PNS

Answer 6

NO

Question 7

How many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 7

31 pairs

Question 8

How are spinal nerves attached to the spinal cord?

Answer 8

by ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) rootlets

Question 9

Each spinal nerve splits into what?

Answer 9

a ventral (anterior) primary ramus and a dorsal (posterior)primary ramus

Question 10

Where do sensory (afferent) cell bodies in the PNS synapse?

Answer 10

in the CNS

Question 11

What type of motor neurons are in the PNS?

Answer 11

All lower motor neurons

Question 12

What does the visceral (autonomic) nervous system control?

Answer 12

body functions

Question 13

The heart, lungs, abdominopelvic organs, blood vessels, and arrector pili are all part of what division of the nervous system?

Answer 13

sympathetic division

Question 14

Is the preganglionic neuron or postganglionic neuron longer in the sympathetic division?

Answer 14

Preganglionic = longer
Postganglionic = shorter

Question 15

Between what vertebrae is the preganglionic neurons located in they sympathetic division?

Answer 15

T1- L2/L3

Question 16

What do the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic division release?

Answer 16

Preganglionic = ACH
Postganglionic = Norepinephrine

Question 17

The sympathetic division is in control of what scenarios?

Answer 17

Fight or flight/ emergency (symp = scared)

Question 18

What are the three splanchnic nerves in the sympathetic division and what do they carry?

Answer 18

greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves; carrying primary preganglionic sympathetics

Question 19

The parasympathetic division is also called the what?

Answer 19

craniosacral division

Question 20

What nerves are in the parasympathetic (craniosacral) division?

Answer 20

C.N. 3, 7, 9, 10

Sacral nerves 2, 3, and 4

Question 21

In the Parasympathetic division is the pre or postganglionic neurons longer?

Answer 21

Preganglionic = shorter
Postganglionic = longer

Question 22

What is neurotransmitter is released in the parasympathetic division from both pre and postganglionic neurons?

Answer 22

ACH

Question 23

Is the sympathetic division adrenergic or cholinergic?

Answer 23

Adrenergic

Question 24

Is the parasympathetic division adrenergic or cholinergic?

Answer 24

Cholinergic

Question 25

Cell bodies found in the peripheral ganglion like in the spinal ganglion or cranial nerve ganglion are nuclei? T/F

Answer 25

False, it is not nuclei

Question 26

What are the two types of motor neurons in the somatic motor pathway?

Answer 26

Upper Motor Neurons and Lower Motor Neurons

Question 27

What are the two types upper motor neurons?

Answer 27

Pyramidal and Extra-pyramidal

Question 28

Which upper motor neurons cell bodies are all located in the cerebral cortex?

Answer 28

Pyramidal

Question 29

Where are the cell bodies of extra-pyramidal upper motor neurons located?

Answer 29

in the brain stem

Question 30

Where do most upper motor neurons cross?

Answer 30

the pyramids and descend in the lateral corticospinal tract

Question 31

Where do upper motor neurons synapse?

Answer 31

in the anterior horn (primarily Rexed lamina VII) of the gray matter

Question 32

Where do lower motor neurons exit the cord?

Answer 32

via anterior (ventral) rootlets and are carried in named nerves to supply somatic skeletal muscles

Question 33

the somatic sensory pathway takes how many neurons to get from PNS to CNS?

Answer 33

three neuron pathway (DRG --> thalamus --> cerebral cortex