review

Question 1

Diaphragm openings:

T8

Answer 1

IVC

Question 2

T10

Answer 2

Esophageal

Vagal trunks

Question 3

T12

Answer 3

Aortic hiatus
thoracic duct
azygos vein

Question 4

FRC is

Answer 4

RV + ERV

Question 5

Inspiratory capacity

Answer 5

TV + IRV

Question 6

Not measured by Spirometery

Answer 6

RV and TLC

Question 7

How high up does the diaphragm rise?

Answer 7

as high as 4th intercostal space

Question 8

What region in the thorax is most likely to collect excess fluid?

Answer 8

costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 9

Where is thoracentesis typically begun?

Answer 9

middle of intercostal space also top of rib

Question 10

If Lungs (usually of a baby) have taken in air they will ___ in water; if they have not (stillborn) or if they have inhaled water during drowing they will _____

Answer 10

Float

Sink

Question 11

Right lung has which grooves?

Answer 11

SC and Arch of the azygos

Question 12

Right hilum bronchus, pulm artery, pulm veins

Answer 12

bronchus is sup post

pulm arteries middle

pulm veins ant inf

Question 13

Left lung grooves

Answer 13

Cardiac impression

Arch of the aorta (and subclavian)

Question 14

inhaled stuff goes to

Answer 14

right inferior lobar brnchus (lower mid lobes)

Question 15

Do visceral pleura and lungs have nerves?

Answer 15

NAW

Question 16

Where is parietal pleura pain referred to?

Answer 16

neck and shoulder

Question 17

Hiccups are involuntary spasmodic contractions of the ________ muscle

Answer 17

diaphragm

Question 18

Pulmonary emboli auscultation reveal

Answer 18

normal to slightly diminished breathing sounds

Question 19

common tumors that mets to lung

Answer 19

salivary gland
thyroid
Ovarian
prostate

breast
bladder
uterine
colon
kidney

SgTOP B BUCK

Question 20

Carbonic Anhydrase does what to CO2?

Answer 20

combines it with H20 on the RBC to H2CO3

Question 21

where does the trachea branch?

Answer 21

T4-T5

Question 22

When does the esophagus enter the superior mediastinum?

Answer 22

between the trachea and vertebral column

Question 23

Inferior to the aortic arch where does the esophagus lie?

Answer 23

just behind the left atrium, angles to the left and CROSSES ANTERIOR TO THE DESCENDING AORTA, passes through the diaphragm at

T10

Question 24

Layers of the pericardium

Answer 24

Fibrous and

Serous (parietal and visceral)

Question 25

The left recurrent laryngeal runs under/over arch of the aorta?

Answer 25

under

Question 26

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve come off?

Answer 26

T1

Question 27

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve come off?

Answer 27

T4-T5

Question 28

Normal PA Pressure

Answer 28

MAP normally 10-14

Question 29

parasympathetic/sympathetic arise from the right and left vagus?

Answer 29

parasympathetic

Question 30

parasympathetic/sympathetic arise from the right and left sympathetic chain ganglion?

Answer 30

sympathetic

Question 31

Which visceral motor nerves within the lateral horn of SC synapse with the prevertebral ganglia on their way to innervate abdominal organs

Answer 31

Greater thoracic Splanchnic (T5-T9, seen in lab) Lesser thoracic splanchnic (T10-T11) Least Thoracic splanch (T12)

Question 32

Where in lungs is blood flow greatest?

Answer 32

lower lobes (Zone 3)

Question 33

Thoracentesis performed for aspiration of fluid in the pleural cavity performed posterior to the midaxillary line not below the _____ intercostals?

Answer 33

9th (between 8-10)

Question 34

Embryonic origin for type 1 pneumocytes?

Answer 34

endoderm

Question 35

Embryonic origin for simple, squamous epithelium (endothelium) lining of pulmonary capillaries is?

Answer 35

visceral mesoderm

Question 36

The descending aorta can be found in two places. where?

Answer 36

superior mediastinum | posterior mediastinum

Question 37

The superior mediastinum contains the

Answer 37

trachea | arch of the aorta

Question 38

middle mediastinum contains the

Answer 38

ascending aorta arch of the azygos main bronchi phrenic nerve runs through here

Question 39

Three components of the blood-air barrier

Answer 39

Type 1 pneumocytes Endothelial cells Fused basal laminae

Question 40

Where is V/Q ratio the highest?

Answer 40

apex of the lung (highest ventilation, low perfusion)