Review

Question 1

What are the seven groups of different personality definitions?

Answer 1

1. Bio-physical
2. Bio-social
3. Omnibus
4. Integrative
5. Adjustment
6. Uniqueness
7. Essence of person

Question 2

“Personality is the stable set of characteristics [traits] and tendencies [motivations] that determine differences and commonalities in the behavior of people… that have continuity in time and may not be understood by biological or social pressures of the moment.”

Who came up with this personality definition?

Answer 2

Salvatore Maddi

Question 3

Define the seven categories of personality:

Answer 3

1. Bio-physical: direct and indirect biological influence on behavior/personality
2. Bio-social: your personality is a result of your social interactions/groups
3. Omnibus: consistency/shared human traits
4. Integrative: your personality is a result of how you perceive the world
5. Adjustment: evolution gives you your personality traits
6. Uniqueness: the personality traits that distinguish us from others
7. Essence of person: core traits in an individual

Question 4

Freud

Core structures:
Core tendency:

Answer 4

Core structures: id, ego, superego

Core tendency: libido

Question 5

Jung

Core structures:
Core tendency:

Answer 5

Core structures: ego, personal unconscious, and collective unconscious
Core tendency: self-actualization

Question 6

Adler

Core structures:
Core tendency:

Answer 6

Core structures: feelings of inferiority

Core tendency: striving for superiority

Question 7

Horney

Core structures:
Core tendency:

Answer 7

Core structures: basic anxiety

Core tendency: overcome basic anxiety

Question 8

Sullivan

Core structures:
Core tendency:

Answer 8

Core structures: 2 basic goals–satisfaction and security

Core tendency: frustration causes anxiety; motivation reduces anxiety

Question 9

Fromm

Core structures:
Core tendency:

Answer 9

Core structures: 2 basic needs–freedom/autonomy; connectedness
Core tendency: “escape freedom”

Question 10

Hull

Core structures:
Core tendency:

Answer 10

Core structures: habit

Core tendency: drive

Question 11

Rotter

Core structures:
Core tendency:

Answer 11

Core structures: expectancy; reinforcer value

Core tendency: pursuit of R+

Question 12

Bandura

Core structures:
Core tendency:

Answer 12

Core structures: none

Core tendency: hedonism

Question 13

Rogers

Core structures:
Core tendency:

Answer 13

Core structures: self; need for positive regard

Core tendency: self-actualization

Question 14

Maslow

Core structures:
Core tendency:

Answer 14

Core structures: hierarchy of needs

Core tendency: satisfaction of 5 basic needs

Question 15

Kelly

Core structures:
Core tendency:

Answer 15

Core structures: hierarchy of constructs

Core tendency: truth-seeking (“to predict and control”)

Question 16

What is the id? Who came up with this term?

Answer 16

It wants what it wants (childish personality)

Freud

Question 17

What is the ego? Who came up with this term?

Answer 17

Recognizes the consequences of our actions (adult personality)

Freud

Question 18

What is the superego? Who came up with this term?

Answer 18

The ego uses this to determine what the id should find acceptable or unacceptable

Freud

Question 19

Who came up with the “extroversion/introversion,” “thinking/feeling,” “sensing/intuiting” personality types?

Answer 19

Jung

Question 20

How many personality types are there, according to Jung?

Answer 20

1. Extroversion-thinking
2. Extroversion-feeling
3. Extroversion-sensing
4. Extroversion-intuitive
5. Introversion-thinking
6. Introversion-feeling
7. Introversion-sensing
8. Introversion-intuitive

Question 21

Who came up with the birth order (oldest child, middle child, youngest child)?

Answer 21

Adler

Question 22

There are three “neurotic styles”: moving towards (other people), moving away from (other people), and moving against (other people). Who came up with this?

Answer 22

Horney

Question 23

Who came up with the personifications of others and self?

Answer 23

Sullivan

Question 24

According to _____, there are three stages of societal development:

1. Feudal societies
2. Renaissance
3. Rise of capitalism

Answer 24

Fromm

Question 25

In an old theory of personality types, there are the authoritarian, destructive, and conformist personality types. Meanwhile, in the new theory, there are five types: receptive, marketing, exploitative, hoarding, and productive. Who came up with these theories?

Answer 25

Fromm

Question 26

Who came up with the psycho-social stages? What are they?

Answer 26

Erikson 1. oral-sensory 2. muscular-anal 3. locomotor-genital 4. latency 5. adolescence 6. early adulthood 7. middle adulthood 8. late adulthood

Question 27

Who came up with the food pellet/rat model?

Answer 27

Hull

Question 28

Who came up with the mediated/stimulus generalization theory?

Answer 28

Dolland and Miller

Question 29

Who came up with the term "extinction"? What is it?

Answer 29

Skinner; used to enforce a punishment successfully

Question 30

Who came up with the term "locus of control"?

Answer 30

Rotter

Question 31

Who came up with the idea of "modeling"?

Answer 31

Bandura

Question 32

This psychoanalyst described positive environment ("unconditional positive regard") and negative environment ("conditions of worth"):

Answer 32

Rogers

Question 33

According to one psychoanalyst, there is a hierarchy of five basic needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. Who came up with this?

Answer 33

Maslow

Question 34

Who came up with the hierarchy of constructs?

Answer 34

Kelly

Question 35

Eros and thanatos were two concepts from whom?

Answer 35

Freud

Question 36

The development of psycho-sexual stages (which included the erotic focuses, regressive behaviors, daily traits, and defense mechanisms) belonged to....

Answer 36

Freud

Question 37

Who came up with the terms "shaping" and "chaining"?

Answer 37

Skinner

Question 38

Who thought that children had an Oedipal/Electra complex?

Answer 38

Freud

Question 39

Who thought that each person looked at the world in terms of opposite?

Answer 39

Jung

Question 40

Who came up with "anima/animus" and "shadow/persona"?

Answer 40

Jung

Question 41

Who came up with these four feelings of inferiority: organ inferiority, social inferiority, psychological inferiority, and universal inferiority?

Answer 41

Adler

Question 42

Who came up with striving for superiority, inferiority complex, and superiority complex?

Answer 42

Adler

Question 43

Who came up with the term "basic anxiety"?

Answer 43

Horney

Question 44

Who came up with the ideas of "good me, bad me"?

Answer 44

Sullivan

Question 45

Who came up with the five needs (rootedness, relatedness, transcendence, identity, and frame of reference)?

Answer 45

Fromm

Question 46

Which two psychologists came up with scientific formulas?

Answer 46

Hull and Rotter

Question 47

Who came up with the term "freedom of movement"?

Answer 47

Rotter

Question 48

Altruism model?

Answer 48

Bandura

Question 49

"Peak" experiences are the type of situations a self-actualized person feels. Who came up with this idea?

Answer 49

Maslow

Question 50

"Focus of convenience," "range of convenience"

Answer 50

Kelly

Question 51

Subordinate constructs vs. superordinate constructs

Answer 51

Kelly

Question 52

These emotions (anxiety, threat, guilt, hostility, and aggression) are emphasized by whom?

Answer 52

Kelly

Question 53

Mandala symbol

Answer 53

Jung

Question 54

Operant conditioning

Answer 54

Skinner

Question 55

Defense mechanisms

Answer 55

Freud

Question 56

Erotic focuses

Answer 56

Freud

Question 57

Regressive behavior

Answer 57

Freud

Question 58

Intellectualization, reaction, and undoing

Answer 58

Freud

Question 59

Fixation

Answer 59

Freud

Question 60

Dreams (manifest content, latent content, dream symbol)

Answer 60

Freud

Question 61

Archetypes

Answer 61

Jung

Question 62

Myers Briggs Type Indicator

Answer 62

Jung

Question 63

Individual psychology

Answer 63

Adler

Question 64

Masculine protest

Answer 64

Adler

Question 65

Organ, social, psychological and universal inferiorities

Answer 65

Adler

Question 66

Style of life

Answer 66

Adler

Question 67

Birth order

Answer 67

Adler

Question 68

Fictional final goal

Answer 68

Adler

Question 69

Superiority and inferiority complex

Answer 69

Adler

Question 70

Penis envy

Answer 70

Freud

Question 71

Parental consistency

Answer 71

Horney

Question 72

Personifications

Answer 72

Sullivan

Question 73

Societal development: 1. Feudal 2. Renaissance 3. Rise of capitalism

Answer 73

Fromm

Question 74

Theory of learning

Answer 74

Hull

Question 75

P(8) = f(E and RV)

Answer 75

Rotter

Question 76

Reinforcement value

Answer 76

Rotter

Question 77

Internals/externals

Answer 77

Rotter

Question 78

Radical behaviorism

Answer 78

Skinner