Review Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
A person who lives in a country but is not a citizen of that country
A
Alien
2
Q
A government that consists of representatives elected by the citizens
A
Representative Democracy
3
Q
A government controlled by one person or a small group of people
A
Dictatorship
4
Q
A person who flees his or her homeland because of war, famine, or political oppression
A
Refugee
5
Q
A process for counting a Nations population
A
Census
6
Q
A person who comes to a country with the intention of living there permanently
A
Immigrant
7
Q
The process by which resident aliens become citizens
A
Naturalization
8
Q
A representative to a meeting
A
Delegate
9
Q
To cancel a law
A
Repeal
10
Q
A refusal to buy goods or use services as a means of protest
A
Boycott
11
Q
The British legislature
A
Parliament
12
Q
A system of law that is based on precedent
A
Common law
13
Q
A group of individuals or states that band together for a common purpose
A
Confederation
14
Q
The power to make laws
A
Legislative branch
15
Q
The idea that people should have the right to rule themselves
A
Popular sovereignty
16
Q
A person who opposed the constitution before
A
Anti-federalist
17
Q
A system in which each branch of government is able to limit the power of the other branches
A
Checks and balances
18
Q
The powers of the federal government specifically mentioned in the constitution
A
Enumerated powers
19
Q
Having the power to decide how laws should be applied in individual cases
A
Judicial branch
20
Q
The powers shared by the national and state governments
A
Concurrent powers
21
Q
The criminal act of lying about another person to harm that person’s reputation
A
Slander
22
Q
The right to vote
A
Suffrage
23
Q
Putting a person on trial again for a crime of which he or she was acquitted
A
Double jeopardy
24
Q
Procedures established by law and guaranteed by the constitution
A
Due process of law
25
A legal document that allows law enforcement officials to search a suspects home for evidence
Search warrant
26
Money paid to the court by an accused person to guarantee that he or she will appear for trial
Bail
27
The health, prosperity, and happiness of a person or community
Welfare
28
Unfair and less equal treatment of a particular group
Discrimination
29
Programs to help minority groups and women gain access to jobs and opportunities
Affirmative action
30
Separation of people because of race or ethnic origin
Segregation
31
The Rights of a citizen
Civil rights
32
To call up,people for military service
Draft
33
Respect and acceptance of people of a different race, religion, or lifestyle
Toleration
34
More than half
Majority
35
A political parties statement of its goals
Political platform
36
The largest number of votes or seats in a legislature
Plurality
37
Not involving political parties
Nonpartisan
38
A political alliance with another party or parties
Coalition
39
Beginning with the people
Grassroots
40
An election in which party members choose candidates to run for office
Primary election
41
Am Election in which voters can approve or reject a local or state law
Referendum
42
An election in which voters can remove a public official from office
Recall
43
A group of people who elect the president and the Vice President
Electoral college
44
Going through neighborhoods asking for votes or taking public opinion polls
Canvassing
45
A one sided or slanted point of view
Bias
46
People with a similar point of view who work together to promote that point of view
Interest group
47
Sources of news information that are widely distributed, including television, radio, newspapers, and magazines
Mass media
48
To try to persuade government officials to support the goals of a special-interest group
Lobby
49
A person who takes polls, or samples, of public opinion
Pollster
50
The presidents power to kill a bill, if congress is not in session, by not signing it for 10 days
Pocket Veto
51
To set a congressional bill aside in committee without considering it
Pigeonhole
52
To accuse a government official of wrongdoing
Impeach
53
A tactic for defeating a bill in the senate by talking until the bills sponsor withdraws it
Filibuster
54
A legislature's formal disapproval of one of its members
Censure
55
Funds reserved for a specific use
Appropriations
56
An official representative of a country's government
Ambassador
57
A government or other organization with many different different departments and complex rules and procedures
Bureaucracy
58
A rule the president Issues that has the force of law
Executive order
59
A pardon granted to members of a group who have broken the law
Amnesty
60
An order to delay carrying out a sentence or court order
Reprieve
61
The practice of giving jobs as a reward for party loyalty
Spoils System
62
The practice of giving government jobs to those who are most qualified
Merit system
63
A government office in a foreign country that protects the interests of its citizens
Consulate
64
A business owned and operated by the government that provides the services to the public
Government corporation
65
An independent agency that protects the public by by controlling certain types of businesses and industries
Regulatory commission
66
A government office, headed by an ambassador, set up in a foreign nation
Embassy
67
The authority of a court to be the first to hear a case
Original jurisdiction
68
A case in which a person is accused of breaking the law
Criminal Case
69
A federal court that hears only cases on appeal from lower district courts or from federal agencies
Court of appeals
70
The authority to review cases from lower district courts or from federal regulatory agencies
Appellate Jurisdiction
71
The power of the Supreme Court to review federal and state laws and decide whether they are in accord with the constitution
Judicial review
72
A case in which one party takes legal action against another party
Civil case
73
Reduce a criminal sentence
Commuting a sentence
74
A relatively minor crime
Misdemeanor
75
An agreement to plead guilty to a crime in exchange for a reduced sentence
Plea bargain
76
A serious crime such as robbery or murder
Felony
77
Having a one-house legislature
Unicameral
78
A plan of government
Charter
79
A law, usually of a city or country
Ordinance
80
The chief executive of a city government
Mayor
81
A voting district within a city
Ward
82
A city and its suburbs
Metropolitan area
83
A government policy
Public policy
84
A communities system of roads, bridges, water, and sewer
Infrastructure
85
A note from the government or a corporation promising to repay money with interest by a certain date
Bond
86
The tradition of unpaid community service
Volunteerism
87
The reusing of old materials to make a new ones
Recycling
88
A court order guaranteeing a person who is arrested the right to appear before a judge in a court of law
Writ of habeas corpus
89
A group of citizens that decides whether there is sufficient evidence to accuse someone of a crime
Grand Jury
90
Law concerned with disputes between people or between the government and its citizens
Civil law
91
A legal action in which a person sues to collect damages for some harm that is done
Lawsuit
92
A person or party filing a lawsuit
Plaintiff
93
A person who was accused of a crime or is being sued
Defendant
94
A formal agreement between two or more parties
Contract
95
The unlawful taking of property
Larceny
96
The deliberate destruction of property
Vandalism
97
Taking property by dishonest means or by misrepresentation
Fraud
98
A notice directing someone to appear in court to answer a complaint or a charge
Summons
99
A hearing in which a suspect is charged and pleads guilty or not guilty
Arraignment
100
The states side of the proceedings in a criminal trial
Prosecution
101
The process of questioning a witness in a trial or hearing to check or discredit the testimony
Cross-examination
102
A jury that cannot agree on a verdict
Hung jury
103
A child or teenager who commits a serious crime or repeatedly breaks the law
Juvenile delinquent
104
The money governments received from taxes and other sources
Revenue
105
A tax on the money and individual or business earns
Income tax
106
The amount of money subtracted from income for each person before determining taxes
Exemption
107
Money for items such as medical expenses that is subtracted from income before taxes are paid
Deduction
108
A tax based on the value of a person's property
Property tax
109
And important tax designed to protect a nations industries from foreign competition
Tariff
110
A plan for managing and spending money
Budget
111
In excess of government expenses over revenues
Deficit
112
The total amount the government owes on money it has borrowed
National debt
113
The process of conducting relations with foreign governments
Diplomacy
114
Money, military assistance, food, or other supplies given to help other countries
Foreign aid
115
A formal agreement or union among nations
Alliance
116
The act of prohibiting the shipment of goods into or out of a country
Embargo
117
A country that is struggling to build an industrial economy and to meet the basic needs of the people
Developing nation
118
A country with a strong industrial economy
Developed nation
119
The growth and spread of nuclear weapons
Nuclear proliferation
120
The reliance of countries on one another for products, services, and raw materials
Interdependence
121
The use of tariffs or other barriers to protect a nations industries
Protectionism
122
A policy that aims to illuminate tariffs and other economic barriers among nations
Free trade
123
Protection of public lands and natural resources
Conservation
124
A resource, such as petroleum, that is gone forever once it is used
No renewable resource
125
The systematic killing of a group of people
Genocide
