Review: ALL Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
The shoulder view in which the patient is rotated 30-45 degrees towards the affected side and the CR enters at the glenohumeral joint is the________ Method
A
Grashey
2
Q
For the AP projection of the elbow, the humeral epicondyles (and the interepicondylar line) are…
A
parallel to the IR
3
Q
A PA chest image with poor positioning demonstrates the scapulae in the lung field and elevated lateral clavicular ends. How should the patient be repositioned for an optimal image to be obtained?
1. Tilt the upper midcoronal plane away from the IR.
2. Depress the shoulders.
3. Coax the patient into a deeper inspiration.
4. Anteriorly rotate the shoulders and elbows.
A
2 and 4
4
Q
The centering point for a PA hand image is…
A
head of the 3rd metacarpal
5
Q
Shoulder - Inferiorsuperior Axial Projection
A
Lawrence method
6
Q
SID for AP lordotic chest
A
72”
7
Q
distance from IR patient is standing for AP lordotic chest
A
12”
8
Q
CR for AP lordotic chest
A
3-4 inches below jugular notch (mid sternum)
9
Q
CR for semi-axial AP lordotic chest (for patients unable to stand)
A
15-20 degrees cephalic 3-4 inches below jugular notch (mid sternum)
10
Q
SC ends projected [above/below] the lung apices for lordotic chest
A
above
11
Q
____ lung field at the center of the exposure field for lordotic chest
A
Superior
12
Q
clavicles, apices and ___ of the lungs included in exposure field for lordotic chest
A
2/3
13
Q
The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the shoulder girdle at the:
A
AC joint
14
Q
In an internal rotation image of the shoulder, what is best seen in profile?
A
Lesser tubercle
15
Q
In the external rotation image of the shoulder, what is seen in profile?
A
Greater tubercle
16
Q
The medial end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium at the _________ joint
A
sternoclavicular
17
Q
What is the correct cephalic CR angle range for the axial image of the clavicle?
A
15-30 degrees
18
Q
A left lateral chest image with accurate positioning demonstrates:
1. no humeral soft tissue in the lung field
2. no more than a total of 1/2 inch (1 cm) of space between the posterior ribs and/or the anterior ribs
3. the right hemidiaphragm inferior to the left hemidiaphragm
4. the hemidiaphragms inferior to the eleventh thoracic vertebra
A
1, 2 and 4
19
Q
The amount of size distortion in an image is mostly controlled by:
A
SID and OID
20
Q
The ability to visualize small structures in an image defines:
A
Spatial resolution
21
Q
Sharply recorded details are demonstrated when:
1. motion is controlled
2. a large focal spot is used
3. a large OID is used
A
1
22
Q
T/F: It is not considered a repeatable image if the SI joints are clipped in an AP Lumbar Projection.
A
False
23
Q
T/F: All routine positions/projections of the spine are done in a Bucky with a grid.
A
True
24
Q
C1
A
Mastoid tip
25
C3
Gonion (angle of jaw)
26
C5
Adam's apple
27
T2/T3
Jugular notch
28
T9-10
Xiphoid tip
29
S1/S2
ASIS
30
L4/5
Iliac crest
31
The [x] is located about 1-2 inches medial and 3-4 inches distal to ASIS.
neck of femur
32
In reviewing your AP pelvis image, the right obturator foramen is more foreshortened than the left,. The patient was positioned in a:
RPO
33
In an AP pelvis radiograph, the ____ trochanter is in profile laterally.
greater
34
35
For an AP projection of the hip, rotate the affected leg [x]
internally
36
For a Lateral view of the Sacrum/Coccyx the CR is positioned:
3-4 inches posterior to level of ASIS
37
A left lateral sacrum / coccyx image with accurate positioning demonstrates:
1. the median sacral crest in profile
2. coccygeal vertebra in the center of the collimated field
3. superimposed greater sciatic notches
4. a left marker
1, 2, 3 and 4
38
An AP axial coccyx demonstrates the symphysis pubis superimposed over the second and third coccygeal vertebrae. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such an image to be obtained?
insufficient caudal angle
39
An AP axial coccyx with accurate positioning demonstrates the:
1. coccyx aligned with the symphysis pubis
2. longitudinal axis of the coccyx aligned with the longitudinal axis of the IR
3. first through third coccygeal vertebrae
4. coccyx without foreshortening
1, 2, 3 and 4
40
An AP axial sacral image with accurate positioning demonstrates:
1. the median crest aligned with the symphysis pubis
2. foreshortening of the first through fifth sacral segments
3. the median sacral crest positioned closer to the right side
4. the ischial spines equally demonstrated and aligned with the pelvic brim
1 and 4
41
An AP axial sacral image with poor positioning demonstrates the symphysis pubis rotated toward the patient's right side. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such an image to be obtained?
a. The central ray was angled too cephalically.
b. The patient was in an RPO position.
c. The patient's legs were extended.
d. The patient was in an LPO position.
B
42
An AP lumbar image obtained with the patient rotated with the left side positioned closer to the IR than right side. The spinous process closer to the ____ pedicle
right
43
An AP lumbar image with poor positioning that demonstrates closed intervertebral disk spaces:
1. also demonstrates distorted vertebral bodies
2. was obtained with the patient rotated
3. was obtained with the patient's legs extended
4.also demonstrates the sacrum and coccyx rotated toward the left side
1 and 3
44
What is the primary anatomy of interest for a tunnel view knee?
Intercondylar fossa
45
Flexing the knees for an AP projection of the lumbar spine:
Decreases lordotic curvature
46
For a LPO of the lumbar spine, the
1. patient's thorax is rotated until the midcoronal plane is at a 45-degree angle with IR
2. side of interest is positioned closer to the IR
3. central ray is centered 2 inches (5 cm) medial to the elevated ASIS at a level 1-1/2 inches (4 cm) superior to the iliac crest
4. long axis of the vertebral column is aligned with the short axis of the collimated field
1, 2 and 3
47
For a lateral lumbar image:
1. the vertebral column is aligned parallel with the imaging table
2. align the shoulders, the posterior ribs, and the posterior pelvic wings perpendicular to the imaging table
3. of a scoliotic patient, the patient is positioned on the imaging table so the central ray is directed into the spinal curve
4. the patient's knees are flexed and a pillow or radiolucent sponge is placed between them
1, 2, 3 and 4
48
For a lateral projection of the sacrum and coccyx, the CR is directed:
3 - 4 inches posterior to the ASIS
49
For an AP Oblique projection of the lumbar spine in the oblique position, the patient is rotated:
45 degrees
50
For an AP axial projection of the sacroiliac joints, the CR is directed:
30 - 35 degrees cephalad
51
For an AP axial projection of the sacrum, the CR is directed:
15 degrees cephalad
52
For an AP lumbar image, the:
1. ASISs are positioned at equal distances from the imaging table
2. patient's legs are extended
3. long axis of the vertebral column is aligned with the short axis of the collimated field
4. central ray is centered to the iliac crest when a 14- ℜ× 17-inch (35- ℜ× 43-cm) IR is used
1 and 4
53
For an AP projection of the sacroiliac joints in the oblique position, the patient is rotated:
25 to 30 degrees
54
For the AP axial projection of the coccyx, the CR is directed:
10 degrees caudad
55
For the lumbar spine, the left zygapophyseal joints are best demonstrated on the:
LPO position
56
For an AP oblique projection of the foot, the plantar surface of the foot should be obliqued how many degrees from the plane of the IR?
30 - 40 degrees
57
Involuntary motion can be controlled by:
using the shortest possible exposure time
58
The eye of the Scottie dog represents the:
Pedicle
59
The front leg of the Scottie dog represents the:
inferior articular process
60
For an oblique lumbar spine, accurate positioning is demonstrated by:
1. the superior and inferior articular processes in profile
2. Scotty dog's that are stacked on top of one another
3. the obturator foramina
4. the pedicles situated halfway between the lateral boarder and the center of the vertebral bodies
1, 2 and 4
61
For an erect Lordotic chest image, the patient's feet should be ______ inches away from the IR with the patient leaning back and their shoulders, neck, and back of head leaning against the IR?
12
62
Which positioning line is used to determine CR angle for a L5-S1 spot shot?
interiliac
63
Which exposure factor controls the ability of the x-ray beam to penetrate matter?
kV
64
Which exam is this a positioning point:
Direct CR tangential to patellofemoral joint space
sunrise knee
65
_____ results in the process of image formation, whereby the x-ray beam interacts with the anatomic tissue, and a portion of the beam strikes the image receptor.
Differential absorption
66
_______ is the loss of some energy from the x-ray beam as it passes through the tissue being imaged.
Attenuation
67
A Boxer's fracture affects the:
Neck of the 5th matacarpal
68
A Jefferson fracture involves:
C1
69
A displacement of a bone from the joint space is termed:
Dislocation
70
A fracture in which the fracture lines radiate from a central point is termed:
Stellate
71
A patient enters the ED with a possible pneumothorax in the left lung. Due to their trauma, the patient cannot stand or sit erect. Which of the following positions would best demonstrate this condition?
Right lateral decubitus
72
A supine abdominal image done at bedside with a portable with accurate positioning demonstrates the:
1. outline of the psoas major muscles and kidneys
2. symphysis pubis
3. spinous processes aligned with the midline of the vertebral bodies
4. long axis of the vertebral column aligned with the long axis of the collimated field
1, 2, 3 and 4
73
An 8:1 grid was used for a mobile AP hip projection. The same AP hip projection was later obtained in the Radiology Department using a 12:1 table-Bucky grid. Which of the two hip projections will demonstrate the greatest grid artifact noise if mispositioned?
12:1
74
An AP chest image done at bedside with the portable with accurate positioning demonstrates:
1. 10 or 11 posterior ribs above the diaphragm
2. equal posterior rib length on both sides of the chest
3. the manubrium superimposed by the fourth thoracic vertebra
4. the scapulae outside the lung field
1, 2, 3 and 4
75
For a lateral projection of the thoracic spine taken with the patient supine:
1. Slide the patient to the edge of the tabletop.
2. Rest the patient s crossed arms on his chest.
3. Direct the CR to the level of T7.
1, 2 and 3
76
For an AP axial projection (Taylor method) for the pelvic outlet on a female patient, the CR is directed:
30 to 45 degrees cephalad
77
For an AP projection of the forearm done at the patient's bedside, the patient's hand should be:
supinated
78
For the plantodorsal axial projection of the calcaneus, how many degrees should the CR be angled?
40 degrees
79
For an axiolateral inferosuperior projection (Danelius-Miller method) of the hip joint, the CR is:
1. Perpendicular to the femoral neck
2. Parallel to the IR
3. Angled 20° cephalad
1
80
For most shoulder dislocations, the humeral head is displaced:
Anteriorly
81
For the modified axiolateral projection (Clements-Nakayama method) of the hip joint, the CR is angled:
15 degrees mediolateral
82
How does a Smith's fracture differ from a Colles' fracture?
Smith's fracture produces anterior displacement of the distal radial fragment; the Colles' produces a posterior displacement of the distal radial fragment.
83
The right colic flexure and the ascending and sigmoid colon are seen “open” without significant superimposition
RAO - Barium enema
84
The left colic (splenic) flexure and the descending portions should appear “open” without significant superimposition
RPO - barium enema
85
Entire large intestine is demonstrated to include air-filled left colic flexure and descending colon
Right lateral decubitus - barium enema
86
Duodenal bulb is in profile
RAO - UGI
87
Pylorus of stomach and C-loop of duodenum should be visualized
Right lateral - UGI
88
Duodenum abdominal quadrants
RUQ / LUQ
89
Jejunum abdominal quadrants
LUQ / LLQ
90
Ileum abdominal quadrants
RLQ / LLQ
91
CR to center of IR at level of T6 (2 to 3 inches [5 to 8 cm] inferior to jugular notch)
RAO esophagography
92
Center CR and IR to duodenal bulb at level of L1 (1 to 2 inches [2.5 to 5 cm] above lower lateral rib margin), midway between spine and upside lateral border of abdomen
RAO - UGI for sthenic body type
93
Center about 2 inches (5 cm) below L1
Right lateral - UGI for asthenic body type
94
Center to about 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest
PA for Small Bowel Series 15 minutes after beginning to drink
95
Obliquity for RAO - Esophagography
35 - 40 degrees
96
Obliquity for RAO - UGI for asthenic body type
40 degrees
97
Obliquity for LAO barium enema
35 to 45 degrees
98
Obliquity for LPO axial barium enema
30 to 40 degrees
99
The exposure time for a breathing technique of a transthoracic lateral projection of the shoulder should be a minimum of:
3.0 seconds
99
The partial separation of the bones forming a joint is termed:
Subluxation
100
To safely demonstrate the intervertebral foramen and pedicles of the cervical spine on the trauma patient, the CR may be directed:
15° cephalad and 45° medial
101
When the patient is unable to depress the shoulder of interest for a horizontal beam transthoracic radiograph of the proximal humerus, the CR may be angled:
10 to 15 degrees cephalad
102
Where does the central ray enter the patient for the trauma AP projection of the abdomen?
MSP at level of iliac crests
103
Which of the following actions are technical considerations for radiography of the pelvis and upper femora?
(1) Using the most comfortable position possible to reduce the risk of motion
(2) Noting contraindications before moving patient for the exam
(3) Immobilizing and supporting the area as needed
1, 2 and 3
104
Which of the following can be taken in place of the AP projection of the elbow when the patient is unable to fully extend the elbow?
AP partial flexion
105
Which one of the following positioning routines will demonstrate a Bennett's fracture?
Thumb
106
Which projection is recommended for localization of a metallic foreign body in the palm of the hand?
Lateral in extension or flexion projection
107
85% of the population has a body habitus that is either _______ or _______.
Sthenic; hyposthenic
108
T/F: For a lateral image of the upper airway (soft tissue neck), the CR should be angled 15-20 degrees cephalic
False
109
For an AP image of the upper airway (soft tissue neck) the CR should NOT be angled 15-20 degrees cephalic
True
110
Where is the centering point for a PA projection of the finger?
PIP joint
111
T/F: The centering point for a PA image of the hand is the 3rd MCP joint
True
112
Degrees rotated for oblique hand projection
30
113
For an AP axial projection of the hand, the CR should be angled how many degrees proximally?
15
114
For an axial AP image of the foot, the CR should be angled how many degrees posteriorly?
10
115
How much medial rotation of the lower leg and foot is needed for the AP mortise projection of the ankle?
15 - 20 degrees
116
For an oblique image of the ankle, the lower leg and foot need to be rotated how many degrees medially?
45
117
Select all that should be seen on an AP projection-external rotation image of the shoulder.
1. entire clavicle of affected side
2. lateral 2/3 of affected side clavicle
3. lesser tubercle in profile
4. greater tubercle in profile
2 and 4
