review class

Answer 1

are descended through endosymbiosis by bacteria

Question 2

virchow

Answer 2

all cells come from prexisting cells

Question 3

doudna and charpentier

Answer 3

crispr - editing genes / knockout genes

Question 4

schleiden and schwann

Answer 4

cells make up everything - the cell is the structural unit of life

Question 5

cells do not have a high tolerance for errors bc if you screw up something it messes up what happens next

Answer 5

false

Question 6

luca

Answer 6

last universal common ancestor

Question 7

cells are so tiny bc

• end of section 1

Answer 7

they have to diffuse and have to be small for that to happen efficiently
need a low surface area
limited genetic info

Question 8

frap

• start of section 2

Answer 8

studies the movement of membranes

Question 9

the movement of a d membrane protein can be restricted by other integral proteins and explain the expected results of a FRAP experiment

Answer 9

you could see what proteins are surrounded by d - if you had the fluorescent tag on d and a different one on other proteins you could see what was happening

Question 10

why cant i digest grasses or bark

Answer 10

bc we dont have the enzyme to digest beta linkages

Question 10

unsaturated fatty acids are usually what at room temp

Answer 10

liquid (oils) - the kink in the structure allows for a less solid membrane (not tightly packed = more fluid)

Question 10

trans fatty acids are

Answer 10

solid at room temp bc the double bond there is no bend so effectively shaped like a saturated fat

Question 11

peptide bonds are formed when aa group and carboxyl group of two aa are joined together by … reaction

Answer 11

condensation reaction

Question 12

three main aas

Answer 12

nonpolar - hydrophobic
polar uncharged - hydrophilic
polar charged - hydrophilic

Question 13

if you switch non polar for non polar or non polar for a polar charged what is the bigger deal

Answer 13

if you switch groups it is a bigger deal

Question 14

what bonding determines secondary structure of proteins

Answer 14

hydrogen bonding

Question 15

three types of bonds that determine the tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 15

hydrogen bonding
disulphide bridges
ionic bond
hydrophobic/ van der waals

Question 16

what part of the protein is involved in hydrogen bonding that determines the secondary structure

Answer 16

the backbone

Question 17

what part of the protein is inolved in bonding that determines the tertiary structure

Answer 17

side chains

Question 18

name a molecular chaperone - what does it do

Answer 18

keeps it tightly compact, makes a barrel so it cannot be interfered with - prevents inappropriate interactions
ex. BiP or Hsp70 - keeps it from sticking to other stuff

Question 19

three types of membrane proteins

Answer 19

peripheral, integral, lipid bound

Question 20

what bonds hold peripheral membrane proteins hold to the membranes - to what types of molecules?

Answer 20

there but able to leave

Question 21

peripheral membranes are distributed asymmetrically across the membrane, why

Answer 21

true,

Question 22

what are two types of lipid anchored proteins

• end of section 2

Question 23

what part of respiration can these membranes still do (mitochondrial membranes) - start of section 3

Answer 23

they can still do etc

Question 24

what activity do these f1 particles still have

Answer 24

atpase activity - break down things

Question 25

what is fermentation

Answer 25

form of cellular respiration - its the way ATP production continues when you run out of oxygen - NADH goes back to NAD+ to be regenerated happens bc if not the electrons would just build up, they have to be recieved

Question 26

mitochondrial fission

Answer 26

the er interacts and recruits Drp1 Drp1 forms helix around mitochondrion GTp hydrolysis

Question 27

what path do electrons from NADH take in the electron transport chain

Answer 27

complex 1 through coenzyme complex 2 complex 3 water

Question 28

fermentation occurs where

Answer 28

cytosol

Question 29

glycolysis finishes with

Answer 29

pyruvate

Question 30

what unusual lipid is at the heart of the mitochondrial inner membrane what does it do

Answer 30

cardiolipin

Question 31

catabolic vs anabolic

Answer 31

catabolic gives energy anabolic takes energy

Question 32

oxidation

Answer 32

loss of electrons

Question 33

reduction

Answer 33

gain of electrons

Question 34

5 parts of cellular respiration

Answer 34

glycolysis creb cycle electron transport chain osmosis oxidation of pyruvate