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Anatomy and Physiology of Speech and Hearing > Review Class > Flashcards

Review Class Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Simple description of body parts without reference to disease

A

Descriptive anatomy

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2
Q

Examines structure and function of cells

A

Cytology

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3
Q

The study of function

A

Physiology

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4
Q

Microscopic study of cells and tissues

A

Histology

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5
Q

How cells and cellular functions work

A

Cell physiology

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6
Q

Study of structure and function of bones

A

Osteology

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7
Q

The study of structure

A

Anatomy

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8
Q

The study of joints

A

Arthrology

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9
Q

The study of the nervous system

A

Neurology

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10
Q

The study of diseases in relation to anatomy

A

Pathologic anatomy

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11
Q

Transverse

A

divides the body into upper and lower portions

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12
Q

Coronal

A

divides the anterior from posterior

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13
Q

Sagittal

A

divides right from left

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14
Q

The study of the structure of an organism

A

Anatomy

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15
Q

The study of the function of an organism

A

Physiology

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16
Q

Cutting of a body for the purpose of study

A

Dissection

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17
Q

Study of cell structure and funtion

A

Cytology

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18
Q

Microscopic study of cells and tissues

A

Histology

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19
Q

Study of joints of the body

A

Arthrology

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20
Q

Study of diseases of the nervous system

A

neurology

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21
Q

Tissue that provides the surface covering of the body and lining of cavities and passage ways

A

epithelial

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22
Q

A sheet-like membrane surrounding organs

A

fascia

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23
Q

Binds organs together of hold bones to bones or bones to cartigage

A

ligament

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24
Q

A section that divides the body into front and back halves

A

frontal/ coronal section

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25
A section that cuts the body in to left and right portions
sagittal
26
A section that cuts the body uno user and lower halves
transverse
27
Refers to the front surface of a body
anterior
28
means "toward the belly"
ventral
29
Means "toward the back"
dorsal
30
Means "away from the center"
peripheral/lateral
31
Means "confined to the surface"
Superficial
32
Means "closer to the axis of the body"
Deep
33
Means "away from the midline of an appendicular structure"
Distal
34
Means "toward the midline of an appendicular structure"
Medial
35
Means "above" or "farther from the ground"
Superior
36
Respiratory muscles involved in quiet expiration
- None | - forces: torques, gravity, elasticity of the ribs and costal cartilage
37
Respiratory muscles involved in forced expiration
- rectus abdominus - external oblique - internal oblique - transverse abdominus
38
Respiratory muscles involved in forced expiration
- rectus abdominus - external oblique - internal oblique - transverse abdominus
39
Physiology of Respiration
1) Pulmonary Ventilation (Inspiration) - lungs expand vertically and horizontally - pressure in lungs decreases (Boyle's law) - higher pressure outside (atmospheric pressure) rushes through the conduction one into the lower pressure (expanded) lungs (pulmonary pressure) 2) External Ventilation - when gas exchange occurs between blood and lungs at alveoli 3) Respiratory Gas Transport - movement of O2 and CO2 around the body via the circulatory/ vascular system 4) Internal Ventilation - gas exchange within cells throughout the body 5) Pulmonary Ventilation (Expiration) - lungs passively return to original shape in quiet creating but in forced breathing the abdominal muscles are engaged - pressure in lungs increases because the dimensions have shrunk - higher pressure inside lungs (pulmonary pressure) rushes through the conduction zone out into the atmosphere
40
Volume
the total amount of space occupied by something
41
Capacity
the volume of something that can be functionally used
42
Capacity
the volume of something that can be functionally used
43
Physiology of phonation
1) Airflow production - Expiratory phase of pulmonary ventilation - Sends air to the larynx 2) Intrinsic Muscle Action - adduct the vocal cords (Interarytenoids (oblique and transverse) and Lateral cricoarytenoid) - tensors (Cricothyroid and Thyroarytenoid) - VC closure 3) Subglottic Air Pressure - the VCs are closed, but there is still more air coming out of the lungs - so the pressure builds below the glottis (where the VCs meet) - Eventually the pressure becomes so great that it pushes the VCs open 4) Bernoulli Effect - states: At a point of constriction as velocity increases, pressure decreases - think car and semi passes you (rocks the car) - effect: Air rushes through the vocal cords, creating negative air pressure, and makes the vocal cords come together - end result: vocal cords begin to move together 5) Vocal Cord re-unite - Because of the Bernoulli Effect and the elasticity of the vocal cords, the VCs come together 6) End of Phonation - Adductors and tensors relax - Abductors contract - the VCs go into resting position because we are no longer phonating
44
Characteristics of voice
- loudness - pitch - Quality
45
Ligament
Binds organs together or holds bones to bone or bones to cartilage
46
Tendon
Attaches muscle to bone or to cartilage
47
Adipose
Fat tissue
48
Highly mobile joints containing a lubricating fluid within the articular capsule
Diarthrodial (synovial) joint
49
Have limited mobility, with cartilage performing the primary joint function
Amphiarthrodial (cartilaginous) joint
50
Immobile
synarthrodial (fibrous) joint
51
Cricothyroids (pars recta and pars oblique)
O: Cricoid I: Thyroid A: Draws thyroid down and forward tensing VC N: Vagus X (SLN branch)
52
Cricoarytenoids
O: Cricoid I: Arytenoid A: Lateral adducts VC; Posterior Abducts VC N: Vagus X RLN branch
53
Interarytenoids
O: Arytenoid I: Arytenoid A: Both adduct VC N: Vagus X RLN branch
54
Thyroarytenoid
O: Thyroid I: Arytenoid A: Adducts, tenses VC N: Vagus X RLN branch
55
Loudness increased by
- Greater Medial compression of VC (intrinsic adductors) - Greater longitudinal tension on VC (intrinsic tensors) - Results in greater sub-glottal pressure
56
Malignant VC Lesion
structural pathologies of the larynx
57
Laryngitis
Inflammatory condition of the larynx
58
Allergies
Systemic conditions affecting voice
59
Candida
Non-Laryngeal Aerogestive Disorder affecting voice
60
Gender Identity Dysphonia
Psychiatric/Psychological Disorders affecting voice
61
VC Paralysis
Neurological Disorders Affecting Voice
62
Muscle Tension Dysphonia
Other Disorders Affecting Voice
63
Loudness decreases with
- Lesser medial compression of VC (intrinsic adductors) - Lesser longitudinal tension of VC (intrinsic tensors) - Results in lower sub-glottal pressure
64
Pitch rises due to:
- Lengthening of VC (intrinsic adductor muscles) - Tensing of VC (intrinsic tensing muscles) - Mass of VC spreads our as a result
65
Pitch lowers due to:
- Shortening of VC (intrinsic relaxing muscles and some extrinsic muscles) - Relaxing of VC (intrinsic relaxing muscles and some extrinsic muscles) - Mass of VC compressed as a a result
66
Layers of the VC (out--> in)
- Epithelium - superficial layer - intermediate layer - deep layer - Thyroarytenoid (thryrovocalis) - Thyroarytenoid (thyromuscularis)
67
VC=
IRV+TV+ERV
68
TLC=
IRV+TV+ERV+RV
69
IC=
IRV+TV
70
FRC=
ERV+RV
71
Muscles of Quiet Inspiration
- Diaphragm | - External and internal intercostals
72
Muscles of Forced Inspiration
- Diaphragm | - External and internal intercostals
73
Muscles of Quiet Expiration
- No muscles | - Forces: torque; gravity; elasticity of ribs and costal cartilage
74
Muscles of Forced Expiration
- External Obliques - internal obliques - rectus abdominus - transverse abdominus
75
Parts of Sternum (top to bottom)
- Manubrium of Sternum - Corpus of Sternum - Xiphoid (Ensiform)
76
Anatomical name for collar bone
clavicle
77
Means "Below" or "closer to the ground"
inferior
78
Means "on one's back"
Supine
79
Means "on one's belly"
Prone
80
Means "pertaining to the side"
Lateral
81
Means "nearest to the point of attachment"
Proximal
82
Means "bending at a joint"
Flexion
83
Means "pulling two end farther apart"
Extension
84
Application of anatomical study for the diagnosis and treatment of disease, particularly as it relates to surgical procedures
Clinical anatomy
85
The study of structures visible without the aid of microscopes
Gross anatomy

Anatomy and Physiology of Speech and Hearing (32 decks)

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