Review - Compositions - Baroque Flashcards
(68 cards)
1
Q
Give definition Concerto
Give an example title of a concerto
A
- a popular Baroque instrumental genre for soloist(s) and orchestra
- generally in three movements: fast-slow-fast
- frequenty used ritornello form
- intended to demonstrate the virtuosig (skills) of the soloist(s)
Example: Spring, solo violin concerto
2
Q
Give definition of ritornello form
Give an exmaple of it in Four Seasons
A
- a structure (form) used in the first and third movements of the Baroque concerto
- the opening passage (ritornello) is repeated throughout the movement
Example of it: the spring
3
Q
Give definition of ripieno
A
- Italian for “full” or “complete”
- another term is “tutti”
- it indcates the full orchestra in the Baroque concerto
4
Q
Give definition of ostinato
give an example of it in Four Seasons
A
- Italian for “obstinate” or “persistent” or “stubborn”
- a repeated for a longer period of time
- Example - the dog barking in the second movement of Spring
5
Q
Give definition of idiomatic writing
give an example title
A
- the style of writing to highlights the unique technical capabilities of an instrument
- opposite of “generic”
- developed in Barqoue
Example: Spring
6
Q
Give definition of programmatic writing
example title
A
- music with descriptive element, inspried by extramusical associations, like a story, or painting
- evolved into a significat features of the 19th-century instrumental writing (program music)
Example: Spring
7
Q
Provide the term of the definition below.
* a popular Baroque instrumental genre for soloist(s) and orchestra
* generally in three movements: fast-slow-fast
* frequently used ritornello form
* intended to demonstrate the virtuoso (skills) of the soloist(s)
Example: Spring, solo violin concerto
A
Concerto
8
Q
Provide the term of the definition below.
* a structure (form) used in the first and third movements of the Baroque concerto
* the opening passage (ritornello) is repeated throughout the movement
Example of it: the spring
A
ritornello form
9
Q
- Italian for “full” or “complete”
- another term is “tutti”
- it indcates the full orchestra in the Baroque concerto
A
ripieno
10
Q
Provide the term of the definition below.
* Italian for “obstinate” or “persistent” or “stubborn”
* a repeated for a longer period of time
* Example - the dog barking in the second movement of Spring
A
ostinato
11
Q
Provide the term of the definition below.
* a note, or a series of notes, held through harmony changes in other part
* Example: the bass pedal point suggests the bagpipes in the third movement of Spring in The Four Seasons
A
pedal point
12
Q
Provide the term of the definition below.
* the style of writing to highlights the unique technical capabilities of an instrument
* opposite of “generic”
* developed in Baroque
Example: Spring
A
idiomatic writing
13
Q
- music with descriptive element, inspired by extramusical associations, like a story, or painting
- evolved into a significant features of the 19th-century instrumental writing (program music)
Example: Spring
A
programmatic writing
14
Q
What is the source of the inspiration or the program of The Four Seasons?
A
- Sonnets, most likely written by Vivaldi
- portions of the text were printed above the corresponding passages in the original score
15
Q
What is the Four Seasons’s subtitle?
A
The Contest Between Harmony and Inspiration (Il cimento dell’armonia e dell’invenzione)
16
Q
Why is this concerto a programmatic work?
A
Because the poetic images are described by the music.
17
Q
What are the performaing forces of “Spring”?
A
solo violin, strings, and continuo
(continuo usually has two instruments - one plays the bass line that’s written out and another instrument, like a keybaord, plays the harmonies as indicated by the figured bass)
18
Q
Tempo of four movements
A
First: Allergro
Second: Largo
Third: Allegro
19
Q
Keys of 3 movements of “Spring”
A
First: E major
Second: C sharp minor
Third: E major
20
Q
Meter of 3 movements of Spring
A
First: 4 / 4
Second: 3 / 4
Third: 12 / 8
21
Q
Form of 3 movements of Spring
A
First: ritornello form
Second: two-part structure
Third: ritornello
22
Q
Instruments of 3 movements of “Spring”
A
First: string orchestra and solo violin
Second: reduced rchestration (no cello or continuo)
Third: string orchestra and solo violin
23
Q
Poetic images of 3 movements of “Spring”
A
First: joyful spring, birds singing, light wind, thunder and lightning
Second: sleeping goatherd with dog barking at his side
Third: nymphs and shepherds dancing to the soundo f bagpipes
24
Q
Music depiction of “spring is here”
A
- lively rhythms, happy, bright sound and dance-like
25
Music depiction of birds singing
* high-pitch thrills, repeated-notes
*
26
Music depiction of murmuring streams caressed by gentle breezes
* violins play a fast wavy line
27
Music depiction of storms with thunder and lightning
* violin play *tremolando* passages (quick repeats of notes) to describe thunder
* fast 32nd notes scales suggest lightning
28
Musical depiction of goatherd sleeping beside his dog; the leaves rustle gently
* sleeping goatherd - solo violin has a slow melody
* leaves making soft sounds - violin - dotted rhythm in paralle thirds
* barking dog - viola plays the *ostinato*
29
Musical depiction of nymphs and shepherds to the round of bagpipes
* drones of bagpipes - bass plays pedal point
* dance-like feeling - created by compound meter and the melody rises and falls gently
30
Sequence of poetic images in the first movement of *Spring*
Spring
Birds
Streams
Thunder and lightning
31
What is the poetic image descrbied by the following in *Spring?*
* lively rhythms, happy, bright sound and dance-like
"spring is here" (first movement)
32
What is the poetic image descrbied by the following in Spring?
* high-pitch thrills, repeated-notes
birds singing (first movement)
33
What is the poetic image descrbied by the following in Spring?
* violins play a fast wavy line
a quiet streams moved by gentle wind (first movement)
34
What is the poetic image descrbied by the following in Spring?
* violin play *tremolando* passages (quick repeats of notes) to describe thunder
* fast 32nd notes scales suggest lightning
storms with thunder and lightning (first movement)
35
What is the poetic image descrbied by the following in Spring?
* sleeping goatherd - solo violin has a slow melody
* leaves making soft sounds - violin - dotted rhythm in paralle thirds
* barking dog - viola plays the *ostinato*
goatherd sleeping beside his dog; the leaves rustle gently (second movement)
36
What is the poetic image descrbied by the following in Spring?
* drones of bagpipes - bass plays pedal point
* dance-like feeling - created by compound meter and the melody rises and falls gently
nymphs and shepherds to the round of bagpipes (third movement)
37
Identify the title of the audio recording
Identify the poetic image
Describe the music
"Spring" ritornello theme
Poetic Image: Spring has arrived
Musical depiction: rhythmic, bright and dance-like
38
Identify the title of the audio recording
Identify the poetic image
Describe the music
*Spring, The Four Seasons*
Poetic image: Birds celebrates the returns of spring with a happy song
Musical depiction: high-pitch trills; also repeated-notes
39
Identify the title of the piece
Identify the poetic image
Describe the music
*Spring, The Four Seasons*
Sreams flows quietly with light wind creating small waves
Musical depction: violins play a fast wavy pattern
40
Identify the title of the audio recording
Identify the poetic image
Describe the music
Spring from The Four Seasons
Poetic image: Thunder and lightning of a storm
Musical depiction:violin's *tremolando* passages (quick repetition of notes) describes thunder; rising 32nd note scales suggest lightning
41
Identify the title and movement of the audio recording
Identify the poetic image
Describe the music
Spring, The Four Seasons
Poetic image: nymphs and shepherds dance to bagpipe
Musical depiction:
* the bass pedal point suggests the drone of bagpipes
* the lilting compound meter creates a dance-like feeling
42
Listen and answer the following:
Composer
Title of the entire piece
Describe the music.
Composer: JS Bach
The Well-Tempered Clavier
Prelude (part A) from the Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, BWV 866
* very fast broken chord in 32nd notes
* also 32nd note runs
* starts in F flat major and ends in F major (dominant key) and moves to the next section
43
Listen and answer the following:
Composer
Title of the entire piece
Describe the music.
Composer: JS Bach
The Well-Tempered Clavier
Section B of the Prelude portion of the Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, BWV 866
- extremely fast *cadenza*-like runs
- requires virtuosity (great skills) throughout
- improvisatory style contrasts with the controlled order demonstrated in the fugue
44
Listen and answer the following:
Composer
Title of the entire piece
Describe the music (see the hints below):
- describe the subject
- how many motives (smallest part) does the subject
have and describe each part.
Composer: JS Bach
The Well-Tempered Clavier
The fugal Exposition of the Fugue from the Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, BWV 866
The subject in B flat major is a very long and in top voice
The subject has two motives - the first is disjunct and the second is conjunct.
(conjunct = melodies that are mostly stepwise)
(disjunct = melodies that have leaps and change of diretion)
45
Listen and answer the following:
Composer
Title of the entire piece
Describe the music.
Composer: JS Bach
The Well-Tempered Clavier
The Fugue from the Prelude and Fugue in B flat Major, BWV 866
* subject in bass voice
* countersubject 1 in middle voice
* countersubject 2 in top voice
* Tonal answer in top voice again
46
What genre is The Well-Tempered Clavier?
solo keyboard music
47
How many books are in *The Well-Tempered Clavier*?
Two books.
Book 1 - 1722
Book 2 - 1742.
48
What is the significance of the title of "Well Tempered Clavier"?
(so basically, explain what Well Tempered means and what a claiver is)
* "Well-Tempered" refers to a new way of tuning system for keyboard instruments that allowed for pieces to be written in any key
* "Clavier" is a German word for any keyboard instrument other than organ
49
What is the structure of The Well-Tempered Clavier?
* Two books; each book has 24 prelude and fugues organized in pairs of major and minor keys
* Each book begins with preludes and fugues in C major and C minor then moves up chromaticaly by semitone, ending with B major and B minor
50
Provide the mini summary of the Prelude:
Key
Form
Tempo
Meter
Texture
Prelude:
* Key B flat major
* Form uses aspects of binary form (binary = A B)
* Tempo not written out but implies very fast and play like a *toccata*, a fast keyboard work that has a virtuosic, improvisatory feel
* Meter 4 / 4
* Texture homophonic and polyphonic
51
Describe the Prelude of Prelude & Fugue in B flat major
Prelude in Prelude & Fugue in B flat major
* this is a fast and difficult piece with 32nd notes broken chord
Section A
* There are fequent thirty-second note runs
* ends in F major (dominant) and proceeds immediately to the next section
Section B
* Continue to be fast and contains cadenze-like runs.
* requires virtuosity
* the improvisatory style is in contrast with the orderly fugue
52
Identify the audio and provide the following:
Title of the entire work and composer
Title in original score
Genre of this movement
Key
Form
Meter
Messiah by Handel
Sinfony
French overture
E minor
Form: ll: A :ll B (AA B)
Meter: 4 / 4
53
Identify the audio and provide the following:
Title of the entire work and composer
Voice type of this recitative
Type of recitative
Key
Tempo
Meter
Text
Word painting
Messiah by Handel
soprano recitative
recitativo secco
Key: C major
Tempo: not indicated
Meter: 4 / 4
Text "There were shepherds abiding in the field"
54
Identify the audio and provide the following:
Title of the entire work and composer
Title of this movement
Tempo of this section
Texture of this section
Predominant rhythm
Predominant affect
Messiah by Handel
Sinfony
Tempo: Grave
Texture of this section: homophonic
Predominant rhythm: dotted figure
Predominant affect: majestic, stately
55
Identify the audio and provide the following:
Title of the entire work and composer
Title of this movement
Tempo of this section
Texture
Number of voice
Subject introduced by
Type of answer
Predominant affect
Messiah by Handel
Title of this movement - Sinfony
Tempo of this section - allergo moderato*
Texture: polyphonic (fugal)
Number of voice: three
Subject introduced by: 1st violins and oboes
Type of answer: tonal
Predominant affect: energetic, lively
56
Identify the audio and provide the following:
Title of the entire work and composer
Title of this movement
Voice type of this recitative
Type of recitative
Key
Tempo
Meter
Text
Word painting
Messiah by Handel
soprano recitative
Type of recitative: recitativo accompagnato
Key: F Major
Tempo: *Andante*
Meter: 4 / 4
Text" "And Lo! The Angel of the lord came upon them"
Word painting: repeated 16th notes describe teh trembling of the fearful shepherds
57
Identify the audio and provide the following:
Title of the entire work and composer
Voice type of this recitative
Type of recitative
Key
Tempo
Meter
Text
Messiah by Handel
soprano recitative
Type of recitative: recitativo secco
Key: begins in D major
Tempo: not indicated
Meter: 4 / 4
Text" "And the angel said unto them: "Fear not:"
58
Identify the audio and provide the following:
Title of the entire work and composer
Voice type of this recitative
Type of recitative
Key
Tempo
Meter
Text
Messiah by Handel
soprano recitative
Type of recitative: recitativo accompagnato
Key: begins in D major
Tempo: not indicated
Meter: 4 / 4
Text" "And suddenly there as with the angel"
59
Describe the recitative (the 4 parts)
Gve word painting examples where appropriate
1. Recitative secco / C major
2. Recitative accompagnato / F major
Word painting: repeated 16h notes represents the
trembling of fearful shepherds
3. Recitative secco / beings in D major
4. Recitativo accompagnato / begins in D major
Word painting:
a. dotted figures in vocal line represents the
suddenness of the angels' arrival
b. fluttering 16th notes in the accompaniment
represent the movement of the angels' wings
60
Identify the audio and provide the following:
Title of the entire work and composer
Movement genre
Key
Tempo
Meter
Text
Word painting
Messiah by Handel
Genre: chorus
Key: D major
Tempo: Allegro
Meter: 4 / 4
Text "Glory to God, glory to God in the highest, and peace on earth"
Word painting: "Glory to God in the highest" is in the upper voice lines
"And peace on earth" is shown by a drop of an octave in bass
61
Identify the audio and provide the following:
Title of the entire work and composer
Title, genre and part of this movement
Key of this section
Form
Tempo
Meter
Text of this section
Word painting in this section
Messiah by Handel
"Rejoice Greatly" - soprano aria - part A
Key of this section: B flat major
Form: ABA1
Tempo: Allegro
Meter: 4 / 4
Text of this section "Rejoice, rejoice, rejoice greatly, oh daughter of Zion"
Word painting:
- Re*joice* has melismas to show the joy
- "Shout" is sudden and in the upper register
62
Identify the audio and provide the following:
Title of the entire work and composer
Movement genre
Key
Tempo
Meter
Text
Textures and give examples
what instruments are used to increase the mood of praise and joy?
Messiah by Handel
Genre: chorus
Key: D major
Tempo: Allegro
Meter: 4 / 4
Text "Hallelujah, for the Lord God"
Texture: alternation of homophonic and polyhphonic settings
- "Hallelujah!" has homorhythmic texture so the text is clear and powerful
" and He shall reigh for ever and ever" has imitative polyphony to emphasis the repeated words (ever and ever)
Trumps and drums heighten the overall mood (affect) of praise and joy
63
Provide the following for each movement we studied in Messiah
Genre / Title / Form (if applicable)
* Overture
* Sinfony / French Overture / AA B
* Recitative
* 'There were shepherds" - alternating recitative secco
and recitativo accompagnato
* Chorus
* "Glory to God" / chorus
* Aria
* "Rejoice Greatly" / ABA1
* Chorus
* "Hallelujah"
64
Identify the audio and provide the following:
Title of the entire work and composer
Title, genre and part of this movement
Key of this section
Text of this section
How is the mood of thoughtful created?
Messiah by Handel
"Rejoice Greatly" - soprano aria - part B
Key of this section: G minor
Text of this section "He is the righteous Savior"
The introspective (inward looking / thoughtful) mood is created by the minor mode and long vocal lines
65
Why did Handel compose Messiah?
He composed Messiah to raise money in Dublin. (for a jail).
66
Who's the librettist for Messiah
Charles Jennens
67
What is the overall structure in Messiah?
Messiah has three parts.
Part 1 - about the birth of Jesus
Part 2 - about the death of Jesus and the spread of his teaching
Part 3 - the world is saved
68
What are the performing forces of Messiah/
soloists (soprano, alto, tenor and bass), chorus (SATB, string orchestra with continuo, oboes, bassoons, trumpets and timpani.
