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Micro Exam 4 > Review: Ebola Virus > Flashcards

Review: Ebola Virus Flashcards

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1
Q 
1.     For each virus studied, you need to know the following: Ebola Zaire
Viral genome
Capsid morphology
Presence or absence of an Envelope in the viral structure
Host range
Transmission
Specific host target cell
Diagnosis
Clinical Symptoms
Treatment
A

Viral genome: Nucleic acid: Single stranded RNA genome

Capsid morphology: Shape(capsid): Helix
“Shepherd’s Crook or Hook”
Loops present

Presence or absence of an Envelope in the viral structure: Envelope: Yes

Host range:???????

Transmission: Contact Transmission with body fluids:
Blood, Vomit, Diarrhea,Urine/Feces, Breast milk, Male Semen, Female vaginal secretion, tears, sweat
Note: After recovery, virus still present in male semen for 3 months.
Handling dead body: virus present for 3-4 days

Specific host target cell: ??????????

Diagnosis: Clinical analysis
Antibody test (after 7 days)
Screen for virus in blood (after several days)

Clinical Symptoms: Hemorrhagic Fever:
flu-like symptoms: fever
(> 101.5F, headache, muscle ache, nausea, vomiting)
1 – 2 days later:
respiratory/kidney problems, massive hemorrhaging (from every orifice [opening] of body)
Blood clots in response to hemorrhaging
Internal organs destroyed
10 days later:
Death
Survivors: Memory Abs for at least 10 years after recovery

Treatment: Supportive Therapy
Passive Artificial Immunity
donor serum given to recipient patient
No effective antiviral drug
ZMapp: experimental drug contains 3 Abs to Ebola

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2
Q
  1. What is the Family name for Ebola viruses?
A

Filovirus

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3
Q
  1. What is unusual variation about the shape of the Filoviruses?
A

Shepherd’s Crook or Hook”

Loops present

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4
Q
  1. Where was the first recorded outbreak of Ebola virus in humans?
A

1st recorded outbreak: 1976

(Known by Tribal leaders before this date)

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5
Q
  1. What are the 4 pathogenic strains of Ebola in humans?
A

Ebola Zaire (1st recognized strain)
Ebola Sudan
Ebola Tai Forest
Ebola Bundibugyo

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6
Q
  1. What is the 1 nonpathogenic strain of Ebola in humans?
A

Ebola Reston

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7
Q
  1. In what country was the first recorded outbreak of Ebola Reston?
A

USA Reston, VA

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8
Q
  1. What region of Africa have most outbreaks of Ebola occurred: North, South, East West or Central?
A

West Africa

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9
Q
  1. How is contact transmission of Ebola possible?
A

Transmission (Human-to-Human)

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10
Q
  1. In what fluids from an infected Ebola patient has the virus been detected?
A

Blood, Vomit, Diarrhea,Urine/Feces, Breast milk, Male Semen, Female vaginal secretion, tears, sweat

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11
Q
  1. What is Droplet Transmission and is that a possible mode of transmission for Ebola?
A

Droplet Transmission possible:
Droplets too large to stay airborne for long but can travel for 3 ft
Droplets generated by: cough, sneeze, talking, projectile vomiting, explosive diarrhea

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12
Q
  1. What is Air-born transmission and is that a possible mode of transmission human – to – human?
A

Air-borne transmission of Ebola: Never documented in Humans

Air-borne Transmission:
Droplet nuclei that remain airborne for long periods of time

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13
Q
  1. What is the incubation period of Ebola infection in the human body?
A

2 – 21 days

Average: 8 – 10 days

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14
Q
  1. What is a Hemorrhagic fever?
A

Hemorrhagic Fever:
flu-like symptoms: fever
(> 101.5F, headache, muscle ache, nausea, vomiting)

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15
Q
  1. What is the most likely cause of the severe hemorrhaging during Ebola infection (hint: what is one of the target tissues of Ebola virus)
A

Viral replication in endothelial lining of blood vessels weakens the blood vessel causing massive bleeding

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16
Q
  1. How quickly can a human die in a fatal case of Ebola infection?
Study These Flashcards
A

10 days later:

Death

17
Q
  1. Fatality rate of Ebola virus in humans? Are there strain differences?
Study These Flashcards
A

Fatality rate: 50 – 90%

Yes

18
Q
  1. Do survivors of Ebola infection have Ab to the virus present in their blood serum?
Study These Flashcards
A

Memory Abs for at least 10 years after recovery

19
Q
  1. What is the likely reservoir source of the infectious agent for Ebola virus?
Study These Flashcards
A

Fruit Bat

3 species of Fruit bat in Africa have shown evidence of Ebola virus RNA or Antibodies

20
Q
  1. Do fruit bats die from Ebola infection?
Study These Flashcards
A

Asymptomatic carrier/chronically infected

21
Q
  1. Do Gorillas and Chimpanzees die from Ebola infection?
Study These Flashcards
A

Ebola kills 95% of infected Gorillas/Chimps

22
Q
  1. What is bush meat?
23
Q
  1. Does cooking kill Ebola virus?
Study These Flashcards
A

Cooking at high temperature kills Ebola virus

24
Q
  1. What are the only 2 tissues types in the human body are not targeted by Ebola virus?
Study These Flashcards
A

skeletal muscle and bone

25
25. What phagocytic cells are targeted by Ebola virus?
Macrophage and dendritic cells
26
26. What are 3 ways that Ebola viral infections diagnosed? Which method is still the most important method in Africa?
Clinical analysis Antibody test (after 7 days) Screen for virus in blood (after several days)
27
27. What is currently the main treatment for patients in Africa?
Supportive care
28
28. What is Passive artificial immunity and why is it important in treating Ebola Zaire?
Doner serum from patient who recovered from ebola. It is important because it has Ab to the ebola virus. Giving your body a fighting chance to fight the virus.
29
29. Is there currently an approved human vaccine for Ebola?
No
30
30. What is a Ring Vaccination program? What is the importance of this type of vaccine approach?
Used to block spread of Ebola if vaccine proves effective Vaccinate everyone in contact with: person who has disease all members of infected person’s household Provides barrier of immunity
31
31. In what type of Biosafety lab would one work with the Ebola virus?
Biolevel 4 Lab: designed to work with deadly pathogens with no known treatment or vaccine available
32
32. What is the unique design of a positive pressure lab suit?
If suit is punctured, air will be forced out | not into the suit.
33
33. Can the Ebola virus survive outside of the human body? If yes, for how long?
Few hours on dry surfaces (door knobs, countertops) Several days in blood at room temperature 50 days in blood at 4 degrees C (refrigerator)
34
34. Is Ebola Reston deadly in humans?
No
35
35. What type of monkey was imported to USA infected with Ebola Reston? From what country were the monkey’s imported?
Macaques Philippines
36
36. Is Ebola Reston deadly to the monkey’s that it infects?
Deadly to monkeys (95% death rate)
37
38. What is the strain of Ebola in circulation currently in the 2014 Ebola Epidemic?
Ebola Zaire
38
37. Where is the location of the current 2014 outbreak of Ebola?
West Africa

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