review for quarter 3 exams Flashcards
(180 cards)
1
Q
How did ranching in the West impact many Midwestern cities?
A
It inspired a huge slaughtering and meatpacking industry.
2
Q
Between 1860 and 1900, the distribution of wealth in the United States favored the___ more than the _____
A
rich and poor
3
Q
Which of the following was the greatest prize in East Asia due to its massive trade market?
A
China
4
Q
What did Great Plains farmers and ranchers come to rely on in the nineteenth century to keep out wild animals and roaming cattle?
A
Barbed-wire fences
5
Q
Which of the following is true of farming in the South in the late 1800s? [Select all that apply.]
A
Most farmers in the South were in poverty due to the deflation of crop prices.
Fewer and fewer farmers were able to own their own land, and many farmers fell into endless cycles of debt and dependency.
Most farmers in the South were in poverty due to the the lack of paper money circulating in the region.
The agricultural system that replaced the slave system was unequal and inefficient.
6
Q
Some Americans were against the incorporation of the ___________ as a United States territory during the debate over the peace treaty with Spain. These Americans compared the territory’s wish for independence to Americans’ desire for independence during the American Revolution.
A
Philippines
7
Q
Margaret Sanger formed the American Birth Control League in 1921, which eventually changed its name to
A
Planned Parenthood Federation
8
Q
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act gave which of the following US federal departments greater power to break up monopolies?
A
The Department of Justice
9
Q
What was the long-term influence of the Homestead Strike and the Pullman Strike?
A
They pitted organized labor against big business.
10
Q
What was the most important and influential secret society that arose in the South to oppose Radical Reconstruction?
A
The Ku Klux Klan
11
Q
In their feud that culminated during Taft’s presidency, Taft represented the_________Republicans while Roosevelt represented the______Republicans.
A
Conservative ,Progressive
12
Q
What event marked the end of the Gilded Age?
A
The election of 1896
13
Q
_______Darwinism, based on Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection, applied the apparent laws of nature to society.
A
Social
14
Q
During the election of 1876, what did both Republicans and Democrats favor?
A
A relaxation of radical Reconstruction policies and a return of state rule in the South
15
Q
_______________________ was an agricultural system whereby a farm laborer worked someone else’s land in return for supplies and a portion of the crop they produced.
A
Sharecropping
16
Q
What event in February 1898 convinced most Americans that the nation should go to war with Spain?
A
The explosion of the USS Maine
17
Q
President Roosevelt encourageda___________ in Panama in order to gain the land necessary to build a canal.
A
rebellion
18
Q
Which of the following is NOT true of political parties in the Gilded Age?
A
Third parties saw much success before the 1890s but temporarily faded away during the Gilded Age.
19
Q
Quartz mining
A
Required the construction of tunnels, pumps to remove water from underground caverns, and smelters to treat ore
20
Q
Hydraulic mining
A
Used high-pressure water cannons to break away hillsides and reveal mineral
21
Q
Which of the following best describes a holding company?
A
It is a company that holds a significant amount of stock in several other companies within the same industry.
22
Q
The People’s Party decided to make__________
their main party platform in the election of 1896.
A
the silver issue
23
Q
In 1901, an anarchist named Leon Czolgosz assassinated President William _________ at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York.
A
McKinley
24
Q
James Gillespie Blaine led the Republican___________
and was the Republican nominee for president in 1884.
A
Half-Breeds
25
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Bland-Allison Act of 1878 and the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890?
To allow the unlimited coinage of gold
26
What was the First Great Merger Wave (1897-1903)?
It was when many big businesses came together either formally or informally, creating gigantic corporations.
27
During his "Cross of Gold" speech, William Jennings Bryan employed________ imagery when he stretched his arms out and shouted, "You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns! You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold!"
Christian
28
American missionaries not only took religion to foreign lands; they inevitably spread American ________as well
cultural values
29
While European nations formed colonies in Africa, the United States focused on establishing stronger relationships in_______ and________
East Asia and
South America
30
During the women's suffrage movement, many Southern women argued that giving women the vote would help maintain_____ supremacy in the region.
white
31
How did anarchism impact early labor movements in the late nineteenth century?
It caused many Americans to associate labor unions with violent protests and terrorism.
32
Which of the following was NOT a cause of urbanization during the Gilded Age?
Living expenses in rural areas skyrocketed, causing people to move to cities in large numbers.
33
Which of the following best describes most Americans' attitude concerning political parties during the Gilded Age?
Americans were extremely loyal to their party.
34
Middle- and upper-class Americans in the 1890s became concerned with the rising influence of
_____________, a political philosophy that advocated for government ownership of many businesses and greater social justice for the working class.
Socialism
35
What were Exodusters (a term reminiscent of the Hebrew people who left slavery in Egypt to make a new life in the wilderness) during the Great Westward Migration?
African Americans who moved from the South to the West.
36
The Mann-Elkins Act of 1910 extended the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission over which of the following industries? [Select all that apply.]
Telegraph companies
Railroad companies
Telephone companies
37
Which of the following is true of Southern race relations in the 1880s? [Select all that apply.]
Whites and blacks often worked together, played together, and voted together.
Many blacks maintained their right to vote and held public office after federal troops left the South.
There was still segregation in churches, schools, and some private organizations.
38
Which of the following were accomplishments of William H. Seward? [Select all that apply.]
The purchase of Alaska
The opening of Japan to American trade
The occupation of Midway Island
39
Marxist ideals mainly gained influence in the United States through immigrants from the country of _____
Germany
40
Which of the following Native American tribes experienced especially brutal treatment when they were stopped in a 1,400-mile flight to Canada?
The Nez Perce
41
Between 1860 and 1920, the United States accepted 28 million immigrants. Most of these immigrants came from which of the following parts of the world?
Southern and Eastern Europe
42
Which of the following was a reason for the Russo-Japanese War?
Russian expansion into Manchuria and Korea
43
Which of the following was NOT an improvement that William Howard Taft made as governor-general of the Philippines?
The annexation of the Philippines
44
Which of the following was NOT a result of Upton Sinclair's exposé on the meatpacking industry?
The meatpacking industry was permanently shut down.
45
An estimated 25 percent of American cowboys were______
black
46
Negotiations between Spain and the Cuban rebels failed when the rebels asked for
total independence
47
Though he was involved in several industries, J.P. Morgan first acquired his wealth through which of the following?
Investment banking
47
How did John D. Rockefeller consolidate his control of the oil industry?
He invented the trust, which brought many different companies in every aspect of the oil industry under his company Standard Oil.
48
Which of the following is true of farming in the West in the second half of the nineteenth century? [Select all that apply.]
Increased production drove down the price of crops.
Mechanized farming techniques increased efficiency but also drove up farming costs.
Demand in European markets contracted in the 1880s when nations limited trade with the United States.
49
In 1868, a conservative resurgence known collectively as_______-Reconstruction began in earnest in the South.
Counter
49
The ____ industry had the most blatantly negative environmental impact in the West.
mining
50
Which of the following is true of James A. Garfield's assassination? [Select all that apply.]
The assassination was a severe blow to the Stalwart Republicans' reputation.
He died only a few months after taking office.
He was killed by a mentally deranged man disgruntled over having been refused a federal job.
51
Who did the People's Party nominate for president in 1896?
William Jennings Bryan
52
Which of the following best describes laissez-faire economics, which was an important government policy during the Gilded Age?
The government generally did not interfere with business.
53
Which of the following is NOT a way that the environment was negatively impacted by settlement in the West?
Open-range ranching nearly led to the extinction of cattle.
54
What mistake(s) did Woodrow Wilson make when working on the treaty to officially end the Great War? [Select all that apply.]
He insulted Republicans by implying that they were not interested in promoting peace.
He insulted Republicans by not choosing any Republican representatives for the peace delegation.
He did not select a representative but chose to attend the peace conference himself.
55
Which of the following was NOT a factor that helped lead to increasingly negative race relations in the South in the 1890s?
African Americans began protesting for complete desegregation.
55
How did Great Britain threaten American neutrality during the Great War?
Great Britain cut off trade in the North Sea and declared the area a war zone.
56
To protect their own economic interests, white planters in Hawaii did what in 1893?
They overthrew Queen Liliuokalani and established an American protectorate.
57
Which of these groups is most often associated with the Battle of San Juan Hill because of the flattering account of them written by Theodore Roosevelt?
The Rough Riders
58
Which of the following describes the legacy of John D. Rockefeller? [Select all that apply.]
He believed that radical giving was a "religious duty," often expressing that his wealth did not belong to him but to God.
He is known as one of the most generous philanthropists in American history.
His business practices showed an effective way to limit competition.
59
According to your course material, an oil rush began in the 1860s in which of the following states?
Pennsylvania
60
Which of the following was the only Democratic Party candidate to win the presidency between 1869 and 1914?
Grover Cleveland
61
Most black Southerners who held public office in the 1880s were members of the_____ Party.
Republican
62
According to your course material, which of the following is the most important group of Americans that, by and large, did NOT benefit from the Progressive movement?
African Americans
63
The establishment of the Pan-American Union was the result of which secretary of state's goal to establish free trade between the nations of North and South America?
James G. Blaine
64
On May 1, 1866, the Knights of Labor organized a one-day general strike of 340,000 workers that eventually led to the Haymarket Affair. What was the goal of that strike?
The establishment of an eight-hour workday
65
Which of the following is true of the sinking of the Lusitania? [Select all that apply.]
Germany sank it because they suspected that it carried supplies for the British war effort and were determined to stop it.
It was a passenger ship that was scheduled to leave New York City for England.
The incident caused many Americans to call for war against Germany.
66
What American amendment restricted Cuban diplomacy and made Cuba promise not to borrow money from European nations?
The Platt Amendment
66
According to your course materials, what is Theodore Roosevelt's most enduring legacy?
His involvement in the environmental conservation movement
67
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
A Chinese revolt against foreign powers and the Open Door Policy
67
Western farmers were particularly dependent on____for transporting their crops because they lacked roads or a significant river system.
railroads
68
Northeastern workers threw their support to the_____Party in the election of 1896 in one of the most dramatic changes of voter alignment in the nation's history.
Republican
69
Which of the following was NOT a reason that Hawaii was an important asset to the United States?
American settlers had discovered precious metals there.
70
Though the main battles of the Spanish-American War centered on Cuba, where did the most decisive conflicts occur?
The Philippines
71
Which of the following was NOT a cause of urbanization during the Gilded Age?
Living expenses in rural areas skyrocketed, causing people to move to cities in large numbers.
71
The________Amendment banned the possession, transportation, and sale of alcohol.
eighteenth
72
The Great Westward Migration mostly consisted of what demographic?
Middle-class white Americans
72
Despite some success in 1892, the People's Party was absorbed by the
Party by the election of 1896.
Democratic
73
Which of the following is true of "trust-busting" in the Progressive Era? [Select all that apply.]
The Progressive Era saw many efforts to either break apart businesses that had monopolized industries or regulate businesses to make sure their practices were fair and equitable.
Trust-busting was the act of breaking up monopolies and large companies for the benefit of the workers.
74
What did the election of 1900 guarantee?
It guaranteed that the United States would become an imperial nation.
75
The African Americans who moved to Northern cities at the end of the nineteenth century were the first in a greater movement known as the ______ in which millions of African Americans moved North between 1890 and 1970.
Great Migration
76
Which of the following best describes William Howard Taft's career before he entered politics?
Lawyer
77
Why did Southern states institute grandfather clauses in regards to voting?
To protect poor and illiterate white voters from disenfranchisement
78
How did the legacy of the Civil War impact party politics in the Gilded Age?
Most Americans voted based on their viewpoint during the Civil War.
79
Which of the following individuals is famous for inventing the telephone?
Alexander Graham Bell
80
Which of the following is NOT true of the Zimmerman Letter (1917)
The letter was successful in causing some skirmishes on the US-Mexico border, but it was not enough to keep the US out of the Great War.
80
Which of the following is true of President Taft's administration compared to President Roosevelt's?
Taft's administration set aside more public land for conservation and filed more anti-trust suits than Roosevelt's administration.
81
Which of the following are reasons that early labor unions were so difficult to form? [Select all that apply.]
Both state and federal governments tended to prioritize profit and influence over laborers.
The influx of migrant workers from various cultures made it difficult for laborers to work together as language and ethnic barriers often divided them.
81
After the Great War,_______ filled the vacuum of power that the war left behind, stepping into its place as an emerging world leader.
America
82
In Theodore Roosevelt's "________Deal," he wanted the government to play a greater role in regulating the economy to promote fair business.
Square
83
What country saw the highest number of troop casualties in the Great War?
Germany
83
Which of the following is true of the Filipino-American War? [Select all that apply.]
It was far more costly than the Spanish-American War.
The United States sent more troops to the Philippines than it had sent to Cuba.
The United States used some of the same measures in the Philippines that the Spanish had used in Cuba.
84
In the late nineteenth century,__________
was a political doctrine that argued that all government was an inherently evil tool of the rich to exploit the poor.
Anarchism, Anarchy, Anarchists
85
During the Gilded Age, Congress was most often
locked in a stalemate
86
After the Great War, Americans began to identify more closely with______
the nation as a whole
87
Which of the following is NOT true of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration?
Receiving FERA vouchers was encouraging to most people and became a sort of "badge of honor" during the Great Depression.
87
The Farm Credit Administration was created in response to what crisis during the Great Depression?
The farm foreclosure crisis
88
What caused the membership of the Ku Klux Klan to drop in the late 1920s?
The 1924 Immigration Law completed many of the goals they were working toward.
89
What happened after the Literary Digest wrongly predicted that Alf Landon would win the election of 1936?
This incident ushered in the age of "scientific" opinion polls that replaced election surveys.
89
Which of the following was NOT a project of the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?
Large-scale farming
90
Franklin D. Roosevelt party in 1932
Democratic Party
91
Herbert Hoover party in 1932
Republican Party
92
During the Great Depression, the sight of a man or woman selling fruit or other cheap items from a wooden box on the sidewalk was so commonplace that the poor_________ became a well-known symbol of poverty and desperation.
apple seller
93
What event served as a trigger for the economic collapse that began in 1929?
The crash of the stock market
94
Which of the following were factors that helped lead to the rise of Marxism in America in the 1930s? [Select all that apply.]
Communist-backed labor unions made significant gains in membership, leading many workers to become Communists.
In the Deep South, some blacks were attracted to Communism because of its implicit promise of racial equality.
The Depression made Marxist theories sound plausible and appealing to many.
95
Which of the following was NOT among organized crime's diversified illegal activities after the repeal of Prohibition?
Stock speculation
96
As the economy moved towards recession in the 1920s, the US began to experience ________, meaning that wages dropped and money became scarcer.
deflation
97
What became the primary method of transportation in the 1920s?
Automobiles
98
Big-band music combined the jazz style with a full orchestra, creating a new genre with a new form of dancing called_______
swing
99
What two events ultimately limited the influence of Fundamentalist Christianity in the 1920s and 1930s? [Select two.]
The Scopes trial
Prohibition
100
Which of the following were centers for criminal gangs in the 1930s? [Select all that apply.]
New Orleans
Chicago
Cleveland
San Antonio
101
Which famous American's son was kidnapped in March 1932, attracting nationwide attention?
Charles Lindbergh
102
What was "listing" in the Great Plains in the wake of the Dust Bowl?
It was a way to prevent further erosion by shaping loose dirt into ridges and furrows.
102
Why did Elizabeth Phillips create The Landlord's Game?
To popularize her anti-capitalist ideas by showing how property owners and rich capitalists oppressed poor tenants
102
When the American army was called in to deal with the remaining veterans of the Bonus Expeditionary Force, how did the commander view them?
As an "incipient revolution"
102
While some people turned to tamer pastimes during the Great Depression, many ordinary Americans turned to which of the following to escape from their troubles? [Select all that apply.]
Gambling,Alcohol
103
In the election of 1920, the Democrats chose James Cox as their nominee for president, but what future president would be his running mate?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
103
Which of the following were reasons that Prohibition ultimately failed? [Select all that apply.]
It created a very lucrative bootleg liquor industry.
Prohibition laws were full of loopholes that people regularly exploited.
Most people ignored the law, including President Harding.
It required more law enforcement than most cities could put together.
104
What was the intention of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act?
It was intended to raise the price of imported goods and give American companies a chance to compete.
105
Which of the following were important aspects of Franklin Roosevelt's leadership style? [Select all that apply.]
His sense of pragmatism
His willingness to experiment
106
Because of the Democratic Party's choice of candidate in 1924, some delegates broke away from the party and revived the _______Party.
Bull Moose Progressive
106
Which of the following is true of games such as blackjack and poker in the 1930s? [Select all that apply.]
These games functioned more as an entertaining pastime than as an opportunity to win money.
Those who could not even afford to play with pennies used whatever they could find as stakes.
In most games, people only wagered a penny, or at most, a nickle or dime.
107
What did ecologists argue was the only way to fix the environmental problems in the Great Plains in the 1930s?
To restore the natural ecological balance of the Great Plains
108
The end of February and the beginning of March
______[year] is generally known as the lowest point of the Great Depression.
1933
108
Which of the following is true of the 1935 Revenue Act? [Select all that apply.]
It increased rates for estate taxes, gift taxes, and corporate income taxes.
It created a new ultra-high income tax bracket.
It helped bring in additional funding for the Second New Deal by raising taxes again.
109
The _______Amendment changed the date of the presidential inauguration for elections after 1932 to January 20.
Twentieth
109
What political party did Father Charles Coughlin found in response to what he perceived to be President Franklin Roosevelt's failings?
The National Union for Social Justice
110
Which of the following would be the largest scandal in the federal government until Watergate in the 1970s and would color the legacy of Warren G. Harding?
The Teapot Dome Scandal
111
Which of the following is true of the massive dust storm of May 1934? [Select all that apply.]
It dropped Great Plains dirt on ships three hundred miles off the eastern coast of the United States.
It affected East Coast cities from Boston to Atlanta.
It affected Chicago, New York, and Buffalo.
112
Which of the following is true of the McNary-Haugen Bill? [Select all that apply.]
It called for any surplus American crops to be sold outside the United States, which would raise prices in the home market.
It was an attempt to protect struggling American farmers after prices collapsed following the Great War's end.
113
Which of the following was NOT a popular type of radio program in the 1930s?
News broadcasts
114
During and just after World War I, farmers in the United States made a great deal of money supplying food to the world, but why did that change in the early 1920s?
European farmers were able to resume production and eliminated the need for American commodities.
115
What are "boom-bust" cycles?
Periods of robust economic growth followed by periods of recession
116
The collection of payroll taxes for Social Security in 1937 with benefits not being paid out until 1940 caused______
Deflation
117
Although the early Pentecostal churches agreed with Fundamentalists on many things, they departed from the Fundamentalists in which of the following ways? [Select all that apply.]
A worship style that was not as restrained or traditional
Emphasis on the direct manifestation of the Holy Spirit
117
What was the exception to the "Hays Code" for films?
Two swear words were allowed if they were deemed critical to historical or character portrayal.
118
Doctors called the respiratory disease caused by the dust storms of the 1930s "dust_________
pneumonia
119
The purpose of the Agricultural Adjustment Agency was to coordinate efforts to reduce the oversupply of farm commodities, thereby
increasing prices
120
Among what group did Marxism make its greatest inroads in the 1930s?
The intellectual and cultural elite
121
What was the outcome of the California Longshoreman's Strike (1934)?
It was a victory for longshoremen but not for other San Francisco workers.
122
What group became the fastest-growing ethnic minority in the United States during the 1920s?
Latin Americans
123
In the election of 1936, where did President Franklin Roosevelt's most powerful opposition come from? [Select all that apply.]
Industrial and business leaders
The ultra-rich
124
In the late 1920s, business people increasingly looked to______ to expand their businesses.
the stock market
125
During the Great Depression, Dr. Francis E. Townshend planned to finance his plan for the elderly through new______
taxes
126
What is the Sacco and Vanzetti case (1920) evidence of?
The growing concern in the United States regarding immigrants and their political ideas
127
Because of the rise of the radio industry, Congress created what agency in 1927?
The Federal Radio Commission
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