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Positioning II > Review from class for SKULL test > Flashcards

Review from class for SKULL test Flashcards

1
Q

For the PA skull how should the OML and MSP be?
parallel or perpendicular?

A

perpendicular

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2
Q

where does the CR exit in the PA skull?

A

nasion

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3
Q

how are the petrous ridges in the PA skull

A

Petrous pyramids fills orbits of the eyes

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4
Q

what is seen on the PA skull

A

All frontal bones, facial bones (maxilla)

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5
Q

For Caldwell (skull), how should the OML and MSP be?
parallel or perpendicular

A

perpendicular

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6
Q

what should be resting on the IR for caldwell (skull)

A

forehead and nose

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7
Q

what is the angle for Caldwell (skull)

A

15 degrees caudal exiting nasion

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8
Q

how are the petrous ridges in the cladwell (skull)

A

lower third of the orbits of the eyes

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9
Q

what is caldwell typically used for ?

A

Can use this for frontal bone, ethmoid sinus, frontal sinuses, facial bones (maxilla)

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10
Q

what view is best used for the back of the skull?

A

Townes view (AP axial)

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11
Q

how is the MSP in the lateral skull

A

parallel

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12
Q

how is the interpupillary line in the lateral skull

A

perp.

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13
Q

for the lateral skull what side is being best demonstrated

A

side in contact with IR

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14
Q

how is the IOML in the lateral skull

A

parallel to the floor

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15
Q

CR for lateral skull

A

2 inches superior to EAM

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16
Q

CR for lateral facial bones

A

1 inch posterior to outer canthus

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17
Q

what is in profile in the lateral skull

A

sella turcica

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18
Q

what is best demonstrated in lateral skull?

A

Parietals
*can see frontal and occipital but not in entirety

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19
Q

what view is the only one that shows all four sinuses?

A

Lateral

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20
Q

what should be superimposed in the later skull

A

mandible, orbital roofs, EAM

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21
Q

if doing a lateral for nasal bones what is needed?

A

need to get frontal sinus all the way to anterior nasal spine

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22
Q

What is the best view for the back of the skull?

A

Townes View (AP axial)

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23
Q

what bone is best demonstrated in the Townes View

A

Occipital bone

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24
Q

what is within the foramen magnus in the AP Axial Townes method (skull)

A

dorsum sellae and posterior clinoids

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25
Q

what needs to be in included in the AP axial Townes method ( skull)

A

Must include Entire petrous ridges

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26
Q

CR for Townes View (AP axial) -skull

A

CR – 2 and a half inches above glabella (right at the hair line

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27
Q

what is the angle for the OML in the Townes View (AP axial) -skull

A

30 degrees CAUDAL

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28
Q

what is the angle for the IOML in the Townes View (AP axial) -skull

A

37 degrees CAUDAL

29
Q

do you angle caudal or cephalic for Townes View (AP axial) - skull

A

CAUDAL

30
Q

how is the MSP for Ap Axial Townes method - skull

A

perpendicular

31
Q

what is another name for Reverse Townes

A

HAAS METHOD

32
Q

what should be rested on IR for REVERSE TOWNS (HAAS METHOD)

A

Rest forehead and nose on IR - makes IOML perp to IR

33
Q

what is the degree of angulation for reverse townes -skull

A

25 degrees cephalic

34
Q

where are we entering for
Reverse Townes :
(AKA haas Method)
-skull

A

Entering one and a half inches below anion

35
Q

what view can be used for arches and TMJ but centering point needs to be lowered going through TMJ or midline through arches

A

Townes View (AP axial)

36
Q

what two views always need to be done for TMJ

A

open and closed

37
Q

how is the MSP in the SMV -skull

A

perp to IR

38
Q

how is the IOML in the SMV -skull

A

Parallel to IR

39
Q

What is the CR for SMV - skull

A

through sella turcica perp to IOML

40
Q

what is SMV used for

A

Use for mandible , ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses , arches, nasal septum

41
Q

what should be resting on IR for waters - facial bones?

A

chin

42
Q

what is the rotation of the head for the waters -facial bones

A

37 degree rotation

43
Q

how is the MSP in the waters- facial bones

A

perp.

44
Q

how are the petrous ridges in the waters- facial bones

A

petrous ridges below maxillary sinuses

45
Q

what is the waters view typically used for ?

A

Use for facial bones, nasal bones maxillary sinuses, orbits

46
Q

what is the head angulation for modified waters

A

55

47
Q

what should be resting on the table for modified waters

A

nose and chin

48
Q

how are the petrous ridges in the modified waters

A

lower portion of the maxillary sinuses

49
Q

what is the modified waters used to see

A

To see the floor of the orbit of the eye better- better to see blow out fractures
Really looking at the orbits

50
Q

what view is used for the frontal and ethmoid sinuses?

A

Caldwell

51
Q

what view is used for the maxillary sinuses

A

waters

52
Q

what view is used for the sphenoid sinuses

A

open moth waters

53
Q

what view is for the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses

A

SMV

54
Q

what view is used for all four sinuses

A

lateral

55
Q

What view is done bilaterally?

A

Townes

56
Q

What is the angle for axiolateral mandible

A

25 degree and head in a true lateral

57
Q

how is the head in a axiolateral oblique mandible

A

Head to lateral and turn in 15 degrees and add 15 degree angle

58
Q

what is the rotation of the head for axiolateral oblique

A

15 degrees

59
Q

what is the degree of angulation for axiolateral oblique mandible

A

15 degrees

60
Q

if looking at the symphysis what is the degree of rotation

A

45 degrees

61
Q

if looking at the rami head at true lateral what should the angulation be

A

20 to 25 degrees

62
Q

what should the degree of angulation be for the body of the mandible be

A

Rotate head 30 degrees and angle tube 25 degrees

63
Q

for pa mandible how is the OML

A

perop

64
Q

CR for PA mandible

A

mid way between rami
come out level of acanthion

65
Q

for pa mandible, if you want to exxaggerate rami, what would you do

A

If wanting to exaggerate rami using an angle 20 -25 degrees cephalic – exits acanthion

66
Q

how should all sinuses be done?

A

upright

67
Q
A
68
Q

What is the degree of angulation for the body, ramus and symphysis for axiolateral obliques

A

25 degrees

Positioning II (12 decks)

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