Review LT Flashcards
(61 cards)
Which lab result is expected to rise if a client has mildly dehydrated but has no other kidney concerns?
Urea
Which of these disease processes is defined by a sudden drop in glomerular filtration rate that causes build up of wastes?
1- Pyelonephritis
2- Urinary tract infection
3- Kidney stone
4- Acute kidney injury
Acute kidney injury
AKI is a sudden drop in GFR, which causes wastes to back up into the body
As a nurse, you would check the kidney function after administration of which of these substance to see if the client developed acute tubular necrosis?
1- Oral penicillin capsule
2- Intravenous CT dye
3- Subcutaneous insulin
4- A rectal enema
Intravenous CT dye
Which of these explains the formation of renal calculi?
1- Large blobs of fat conglomerate in the kidneys
2- Minerals, such as calcium, that are dissolved in the blood, crystalize together in the urine.
3- Crystals of bone cannot dissolve in blood, so they float to the kidney and get stuck in the ureters
4- Nerve impulses cause fat and minerals to mix, forming stones that block the kidney
Minerals, such as calcium, that are dissolved in the blood, crystalize together in the urine.
Which of these is a risk factor for renal calculi formation?
1- Hydroureter
2- High albumin levels in the blood
3- High levels of Vitamin C
4- Dehydration
Dehydration
What is the most common electrolyte in extracellular fluid?
Sodium
As a rule, water always follows sodium. Which of these causes that rule to be broken?
1- Parathyroid hormone
2- Aldosterone
3- Magnesium
4- Antidiuretic hormone
Antidiuretic hormone
You are taking a client’s blood pressure, and her wrist contracts and spasms when the blood pressure cuff starts inflating. Which is the first lab you would check?
1- Sodium
2- Potassium
3- Calcium
4- Magnesium
Calcium
Which of these could most affect the calcium level in the blood?
1- Myeloma
2- Antidiuretic hormone
3- Aldosterone
4- Kayexelate
Myeloma
Which of the following type of ulcers are more common with peptic ulcer disease?
1- Gastric ulcers
2- Duodenal ulcers
Duodenal ulcers
Which of the following is the most common cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD/GERD)?
1- Reduction in stomach contents
2- Increased gastric motility
3- Decreased esophageal motility
4- Decreased gastroesophageal sphincter tone
Decreased gastroesophageal sphincter tone
With peptic ulcer disease, a break in the mucosal surface in the stomach or duodenum results in:
erosion of the deeper tissues of the GI tract wall due to acids & enzymes
Which stage of liver disease is reversible (if appropriate dietary and physical activity changes are implemented)?
Steatosis (fatty liver/fat in hepatocytes)
You are a nurse in a community GP’s office. You are assigned to take a history from Joe, a new patient who has moved to the area. As you read over the questionnaire that he answered, you note a concern.
Joe’s reason for visiting is that his stool has been very dark, almost like tar. It’s been going on for a month, and since he needed a refill for his prescription for Synthroid, he thought he would bring that up to the doctor.
Which of these is the most important question/statement to bring up next?
1- “I’m not surprised your stools are dark. That’s a common adverse effect of levothyroxine.”
2- “Have you had any stomach upset, pain, or bleeding from your stomach?”
3- “Do you drink more than 2 standard drinks a day?”
“Have you had any stomach upset, pain, or bleeding from your stomach?”
Joe tells you that he has been having a lot of stomach upset lately, but he just thought that was from the stress of changing jobs and moving to a new spot.
You look over his list of medications. He agrees that the list is correct. He takes levothyroxine, but nothing else. He assures you that he has never been prescribed omeprazole or any proton pump inhibitor.
Which of these questions would be important to assess for next?
1- “Do you take any over the counter medications at home for your stomach upset?”
2- “Do you have moon face or buffalo hump?”
3- “Do you find that you need to urinate up to 20 liters per day?”
“Do you take any over the counter medications at home for your stomach upset?”
Which neurotransmitter is released in the mesolimbic pathway that triggers the sense of reward?
Dopamine
Which of these neurotransmitters is inhibitory, and prevents nervous signals from being transmitted?
1- Acetylcholine
2- GABA
3- Norepinephrine
4- Serotonin
GABA
Which enzyme is important for metabolizing alcohol by breaking it apart?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
What phenomenon occurs if a person consumes alcohol faster than it can be metabolized?
Intoxication
A nurse uses a CIWA scale and rates the client as having a score of 10. Which medication listed below is teh most important for the nurse give to this client?
Diazepam to agonize GABA receptors
You are working in a community residential center. Your client comes to you and asks for lorazepam, stating that he is very anxious. His speech is slurred, he has poor coordination, and his eyes are drooping. Which of these is your concern?
1- The client needs sleeps and benzodiazepines are a stimulant that will keep him awake all night.
2- The client shows signs of alcohol intoxication. Giving benzodiazepines will increase his risk of respiratory depression.
3- The client has developed tolerance. The ordered dose of the benzodiazepine may not be sufficient.
4- The client could be going through delirium tremens. Benzodiazepines would be the correct medication. There are no concerns.
The client shows signs of alcohol intoxication. Giving benzodiazepines will increase his risk of respiratory depression.
Which of these are symptoms of Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
1- Hyperreflexia, twitching, convulsions
2- Constipation, heart block, muscle weakness
3- Ataxia, visual disturbances, delirium
4- Weight loss, exophthalmos, tacycardia
Ataxia, visual disturbances, delirium
In Korsakoff’s syndrome, the client is likely to confabulate. Which of these is an example of confabulation?
1- “I feel like there are insects crawling all over my skin.” (There are no insects on his skin)
2- “I feel like my heart is racing, and I can hardly catch my breath.” (HR is 120 beats per minute; RR is 24)
3- “My legs feel so tight and look so big.” (GFR 38. Creatinine 120)
4- “I went to the beach today with my 3 daughters.” (The client has been in the hospital and only has sons.
4- “I went to the beach today with my 3 daughters.” (The client has been in the hospital and only has sons.
Your client has partial thickness burns and is in considerable pain. Your client weighs 100kg. Which of these medications is appropriate to treat her pain?
1- 5 to 10 mg of morphine
2- 1000mg paracetamol
3- 200 to 400mg ibuprofen
4- Deep massage
5 to 10 mg of morphine
