Review MCAT

Question 1

Hindbrain includes?

Answer 1

cerebellum, meduula oblongata, and reticular formation.

Question 2

midbrain includes?

Answer 2

inferior and superior colliculi

Question 3

forebrain includes?

Answer 3

thalamus. hypothamalus, basal ganglia, limbic system, and cerebral cortex.

Question 4

thalamus?

Answer 4

ralu sation for sensory information

Question 5

hypothalamus?

Answer 5

maintains homeostasis and integrates with the endocrine system through the hypophyseal portal system that connects it to the anterior pituitary

Question 6

basal ganlia ?

Answer 6

smoothens movements and helps maintain postural stability

Question 7

limbic system? its parts?

Answer 7

controls emotion and memory. includes septal nuclei (pleasure seeking), amygdala (fear and aggression), hippocampus (memory) and fornix (communication within the limbic system).

Question 8

what are the four lobos of the cerebal cortex?

Answer 8

Frontal lobe. parietal lobe occiptal lobe and temporal lobe.

Question 9

frontal lobe duty?

Answer 9

executive functions, impulse control, long term planning, prefrontal cortex), motor function (primary motor cortex), soeech production (Broca’s area)

Question 10

speech preception area called? speech production?

Answer 10

preception = wernicke's area in temporal lobe
production = broca's arrea in frontal lobe

Question 11

parietal lobe?

Answer 11

sensation of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain (somatosensory cortex), spatial processing, orientation, and manipulation.

Question 12

spatial processing, orientation, and manipulation happens in what lobe of the cerebal cortex?

Answer 12

parietal lone

Question 13

occipital lobe function?

Answer 13

visual processing

Question 14

temporal lobe function?

Answer 14

sound processing (audiotry cortex), speech perception (wernicke’s area), memory, and emotion (limbic system)

Question 15

what are the 10 neurotransmitters in the body?

Answer 15

acetylcholine 
epinephrine and norepinephrine
dopamine
serotonin
GABA
glycine
glutamate
endorphins

Question 16

acetylcholine responsbile for?

Answer 16

voluntaru muscle control, parasympathetic nervous system, attention, alertness.

Question 17

epinephrine and norepinephrine does what?

Answer 17

fight or flight responses, wakefulness, alertness

Question 18

dopamine does what?

Answer 18

smooth movements, postural stability

Question 19

seotonin does what?

Answer 19

mood, sleep, eating, dreaming

Question 20

GABA and Glucine does what ?

Answer 20

brain stabilization

Question 21

glutamate does what ?

Answer 21

brain excitation

Question 22

endorphins does what?

Answer 22

natural painkillers

Question 23

sensation vs perception?

Answer 23

sensation is the conversion of physicla stimuli into neurological signals. While perception is the processing of sensory information to make sense of its significance.

Question 24

sensory stimuli are transmitted to _____ in the brain, which further analyzes sensory input.

Answer 24

projection areas

Question 25

Weber’s law

Answer 25

yhr just noticeable difference between 2 stimulies is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus. and this proportion is constant over most range of possible stimuli.

Question 26

signal detection theory

Answer 26

IDK

Question 27

Visual pathway?

Answer 27

retina - optic nerve - optic chiasm - optic tracts - lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) of thalamus - visual radiations - visual cortex

Question 28

cochlea?

Answer 28

detects sound

Question 29

utricle and saccule?

Answer 29

detect linear acceleration

Question 30

semicirular canals ?

Answer 30

detect rotational acceleration

Question 31

audiotry pathway?

Answer 31

cochlea - vestibulocochlear nerve - medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) of thalamus - auditory cortex

Question 32

what are papillae? where are they located?

Answer 32

in the tonque (I believe) and contain taste buds

Question 33

object recognition= two types what are they?

Answer 33

bottom up and top down

Question 34

bottom up processing (other name?)

Answer 34

(data driven), recognition of objects by parallel processing and feature detection. slower, but less prone to mistakes.

Question 35

top down processing? (object recognition).

other name?

Answer 35

conceptually driven. recognition of an object based on memory and expectations. little attention to details. faster, but more prone to mistakes.

Question 36

gastalt principles/

Answer 36

how brain infer missing info of an image.