Review of Basic Neuroscience 10.15.15 Flashcards
How does damage to neural tissue manifest?
Damage to neural tissue manifests as a decrease or loss of function in tract or nerve Loss of function tells you what is damaged and, if you map the distribution, often tells you where
How does damage to peripheral nerves manifest?
Damage to peripheral nerves often produces sharply defined symptoms
How does damage to tracts manifest?
Damage to tracts usually produces broad areas of loss of function, usually with indistinct borders
If multiple things are damaged, how do you determine the location of the damage?
When multiple things damaged, location of damage is often where they are all close together
What areas do the anterior cerebral arteries supply?
Medial aspect of hemisphere including the lower leg area of sensory and motor cortex and supplementary motor area
What areas do the middle cerebral arteries supply?
- Branches to thalamus and internal capsule
- Supplies most of the lateral hemisphere
What areas do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?
- Off of basilar (which is from vertebrals)
- Cerebellar arteries supply lateral brain stem
Name the number regions in the attached photo and describe their respective functions.
See the atached photo for the answers.
How do you elicit and interpret the Babinski reflex?
•Pathological reflexes
–Babinski (upgoing toes) – scratch along lateral side of sole, then across ball of foot toward base of great toe
–Normally, toes go down
What is the neural pathway for hte Vestibulo-ocular reflex?
–> –Semicircular ducts to vestibular complex => projections to extraocular nuclei
What is the neural pathway for voluntary, conjugate horizontal gaze?
•Voluntary, conjugate horizontal gaze
–Frontal eyefield => paramedian pontine reticular formation => abducens nucleus => oculomotor nucleus (through MLF)
•Damage to MLF produces internuclear ophthalmoplegia (eye abducts, other one does not follow + nystagmus in abducting eye) – INO
