Review of Pathophysiology

Question 1

Gonads functions

Answer 1

Production of germ cells

Secrete sex hormones

Question 2

Ovary

Answer 2

Female reproductive organ

Question 3

Ovum

Answer 3

Female reproductive cell

Question 4

Testicle

Answer 4

Male reproductive organ

Question 5

Sperm

Answer 5

Male reproductive cell

Question 6

Gonadotropins

Answer 6

Regulated by hypothalmic GnRH
FSH
LH

Question 7

FSH - females

Answer 7

Regulates ovarian follicle development

Stimulates ovarian estrogen production

Question 8

FSH - males

Answer 8

Stimulates seminiferous tubule development

Regulates spermatogenesis

Question 9

LH - females

Answer 9

Mediates ovulation and maintenance of the corpus luteum

Question 10

LH - males

Answer 10

induces Leydig cell testosterone syntheses and secretion

Question 11

Penis

Answer 11

Made up of erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum)

Question 12

Urethra

Answer 12

Connect urinary bladder to external genitalia

Question 13

Scrotum

Answer 13

Contains testes and epididymis
Regulates temp (89.6)

Question 14

Testes

Answer 14

Site of spermatogenesis and sex hormone production

Question 15

Epididymis

Answer 15

Ducts in the testes that store sperm during the maturation process

Question 16

Vas deferens

Answer 16

Connects epididymis to urethra

Question 17

Prostate

Answer 17

Surrounds the urethra (under the bladder)

Secretes a milky fluid that contributes to the bulk of semen

Question 18

Seminal vesicle

Answer 18

Gland on base of bladder

Empty secretions into ejaculatory duct during emission and ejaculation

Question 19

Testosterone synthesis

Answer 19

From cholesterol in the Leydig cells

Question 20

Pathway of testosterone

Answer 20

Hypothalamus - GnRH - pituitary - LH - testes - testosterone

Question 21

Functions of testosterone

Answer 21

Embryonic development
Puberty
Sperm production, stimulation of libido, maintenance of muscle and bone mass

Question 22

Erection

Answer 22

Parasympathetic nerve impulses

Question 23

Vasodilators in erections

Answer 23

NO

cCMP

Question 24

Emission

Answer 24

Movement of semen into urethra

Question 25

Ejaculation

Answer 25

Propulsion of semen from urethra at time of orgasm

Question 26

Fimbriae

Answer 26

Fingerlike projections on the fallopian tubes | Move oocyte down uterine cavity

Question 27

Naturally occurring estrogens

Answer 27

Estradiol Estrone Estriol

Question 28

Synthesis of estrogens

Answer 28

Hypothalamus - GnRH - pituitary - FSH - estrogens

Question 29

Pre-menopausal sources of estrogen

Answer 29

Ovaries Adrenal gland Adipose tissue

Question 30

Post-menopausal sources of estrogen

Answer 30

Adipose tissue | Adrenal gland

Question 31

Estrogen functions

Answer 31

Sex organ development, puberty, pregnancy maintenance, prevents osteoporosis, enhance coagulability

Question 32

Prevention of osteoporosis by estrogen

Answer 32

Inhibits stimulatory effects of certain cytokines on osteoclasts

Question 33

Secretion of progesterone

Answer 33

Ovaries

Question 34

Functions of progesterone

Answer 34

Puberty (gland development), Slows GnRH pulse frequency, pregnancy maintenance, increases basal body temperature

Question 35

Thelarche

Answer 35

Breast development

Question 36

Pubarche (adrenarche)

Answer 36

Pubic and axillary hair development

Question 37

Adrenarche

Answer 37

Secretion of adrenal androgens

Question 38

Menopause

Answer 38

Ovaries unresponsive to gonadotropins Small amounts of estrogen/progesterone Uterus and vagina become atrophic