Review Questions Flashcards
(199 cards)
1
Q
1A - 1. When the “ON” button is pressed, which computer component turns on first?
A
the power supply
2
Q
1A - Where is the Power On Self-Test (POST) program stored?
A
on the motherboard ROM
3
Q
1A - When does the POST program run?
A
every time the computer is booted
4
Q
1A - The POST program can indicate hardware failures using audible _____ codes.
A
beep
5
Q
1A - What is the job of the bootstrap loader program?
A
to find an operating system
6
Q
1A - The _____________ settings can be configured by the user.
A
CMOS
7
Q
1A - List 3 storage devices which can be configured to boot an operating system
A
HDD, USB, CD
8
Q
1A - A storage device with a usable operating system written on it is called a
A
bootable disk or system disk
9
Q
1A - What modern firmware program has replaced BIOS?
A
UEFI
10
Q
1A - RAM is also referred to as _____________ or _____________ memory.
A
main or primary
11
Q
1A - The most common form of computer memory is _______________.
A
DRAM (dynamic)
12
Q
1A - RAM is _____________ memory, because it will retain data only as long as power is applied.
A
volatile
13
Q
1A - What kind of RAM more efficiently coordinates the CPU and memory operations?
A
synchronous (sDRAM)
14
Q
1A - How can the different versions of DDR SDRAM be identified?
A
are identified by sight due to the location of the notch on the RAM stick
15
Q
1A - What kind of RAM is found on a video card?
A
VRAM
16
Q
1A - What is the most common cause of a General Protection Fault?
A
two apps trying to use the same block of memory
17
Q
1A - The ___________ ___________ is the fastest speed at which a CPU can operate.
A
clock speed
18
Q
1A - Which motherboard circuit creates the clock signal?
A
quartz oscillator
19
Q
1B1 -Which bus provides bi-directional communication between the CPU, memory, and peripherals?
A
data bus
20
Q
1B1 -The _____________ __________ carries signals that report the status of various devices.
A
control bus
21
Q
1B1 -How does the CPU access addressable locations in RAM?
A
Address bus
22
Q
1B1 -The connection between the CPU and RAM is referred to as _______________________ or system bus.
A
front side bus
23
Q
1B1 -How are data and instructions transferred between the different parts of computer hardware?
A
buses
24
Q
1B1 -What are the 3 main parts of computer hardware?
A
CPU, memory, I/O
25
1B1 -What is the most important task of BIOS firmware?
load the computers operating system
26
1B1 -Why do motherboards contain a small, coin-sized battery?
CMOS memory is volatile
27
1B1 -Where are user-configurable settings modified and saved?
EPROM
28
1B1 -How can ROM be updated?
Flashing the ROM
29
1B1 -What does it mean when we say that ROM is nonvolatile?
Code on it is not erased on shutdown
30
1B1 - ROM is considered ____________________ memory.
nonvolatile or permanent
31
1B1 - The ____________________ is the interface between the CPU and the USB controller.
Southbridge
32
1B1 - Which part of the chipset provides high-speed interface between the CPU and RAM?
Northbridge
33
1B1 - List the 3 most common PC motherboard form factors.
Advanced Technology Extended (ATX), MicroATX (μATX) and Information Technology eXtended (ITX)
34
1B1 - Form factor refers to the _____________ _____________ of the motherboard.
physical dimensions
35
1B1 - The motherboard contains multiple paths of electrical circuits called ________________.
buses
36
1B2 - What is the main job of the CPU?
carry out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and I/O operations specified by the instructions
37
1B2 - List the 3 main structures found inside a CPU
Control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and registers
38
1B2 - The _____________ unit in the CPU manages most computer resources.
control
39
1B2 - Which CPU structure performs math operations on binary integers?
Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
40
1B2 - Which CPU structure is made of high-speed volatile memory?
Register
41
1B2 - What is the overall purpose of CPU cache memory?
Improves computer performance by allowing the CPU to process tasks more quickly
42
1B2 - Why is CPU Land Grid Array superior to Pin Grid Array?
The LGA contact system makes CPU installation much easier and reduces the chance of damage due to mishandling or misalignment
43
1B3 - What is the difference between main memory and secondary memory?
Main memory is RAM, secondary memory is HDDs
44
1B3 - HDD falls under what storage?
magnetic storage
45
1B3 - SD falls under what storage?
solid state storage
46
1B3 - DVD falls under what storage?
optical storage
47
1B3 - SSD falls under what storage?
solid state storage
48
1B3 - CD-ROM falls under what storage?
optical storage
49
1B3 - What is the most common HDD attachment standard?
ATA Advanced Technology Attachment
50
1B3 - Which common storage device contains spinning platters?
Harte disk drives HDD
51
1B3 - What failure has occurred when HDD read/write head contacts the surface of the platter?
Head crash
52
1B3 - What is the advantage of shingled magnetic recording (SMR)?
Store more data on the same space
53
1B3 - What legacy system gives logical addresses to each block of data on a HDD?
Cylinder head sector CHS
54
1B3 - What is the smallest unit of storage on a HDD disk?
Sector = 512 bytes
55
1B3 - A ________________ is the set of all tracks that the heads are currently located at.
Cylinder
56
1B3 - To make a HDD useful, it must be ____________________ and formatted.
(Conditioned) Partitioned
57
1B3 - A HDD must have at least one _________________ in order to function.
Partition
58
1B3 -What partition types can be created using Master Boot Record (MBR)?
Primary and extended
59
1B3 -Windows must be installed on a ___________ partition.
primary
60
1B3 -What is the maximum number of partitions supported by MBR? _____
4
61
1B3 -How are GTP partitions identified?
Random string of characters
62
1B3 -How many Windows partitions can be created using GPT?
128
63
1B3 -List 2 Windows tools for partitioning a HDD.
Diskpart & disk management
64
1B3 -After partitioning, a HDD must be __________________ with a file system.
formatted
65
1B3 -Which legacy Microsoft file system is very popular for USB flash drives and other portable media?
FAT32
66
1B3 -Which file system has been adopted by the SD Card Association for SD cards larger than 32GB?
exFAT
67
1B3 - What is the only file system that can be used to format a Windows partition?
New technology file system NTFS
68
1B3 -Which advanced feature of NTFS maintains a running record of file changes?
journaling
69
1B3 -How can the NTFS save disk space?
compression
70
1B3 -What does NTFS do about bad sectors on a HDD?
Automatically discovers and maps
71
1B3 -List 3 factors that affect HDD performance.
Seek time, access time, RPM, capacity, & interface
72
1B3 -Where are SAS interface-compatible hard disk drives usually found?
servers & enterprise class computers
73
1B3 -List 3 advantages of a solid-state drive (SSD) over a traditional HDD
More resistant to physical shock, are silent, have faster access & read/write times
74
1B3 -What is the difference between a hybrid drive and a HDD?
They combine flash memory and platter based into a single hard drive
75
1B3 -How is binary data recorded on a compact disc (CD-ROM)?
pits and lands
76
1B3 -How is data read from a DVD disc?
650nm red laser
77
1B3 -Where did the Blu-ray disc get its name?
405nm blue-violet laser
78
1B3 -Which optical disc media holds the most data?
blu-ray
79
1B3 -List 2 advantages of magnetic tape as a storage media.
High resistance to physical shock & extremely long data retention shelf-life
80
1B3 -Why does magnetic tape suffer from lengthy access time?
Takes a long time to find the desired data
81
1B3 -What does it mean when we say that flash memory is nonvolatile?
It can retain data even with the power off
82
1B3 -List 3 advantages of flash media over other portable storage media.
Smaller in size, silent, allows faster access, lighter, & has no moving parts
83
1B4 - Which component allows a computer to “talk” to a monitor?
Video cards
84
1B4 -List 4 major components of a video card
GPU, VRAM, video BIOS, & RAMDAC
85
1B4 -Which digital display standard can support up to 4 monitors from one video card?
Display port
86
1B4 -Every network interface card (NIC) is assigned a unique, 48-bit ____________ address
MAC
87
1B4 -List 3 kinds of bound media supported by network interface cards.
Fiber, coaxial cable, copper cable, & twisted pair copper cable
88
1B4 - Which layers of the OSI reference model apply to network interface cards?
Layer 1 (physical) & layer 2 (data link)
89
1B4 -Which peripheral device is the primary user interface to a computer?
Keyboard
90
1B4 -Keyboards communicate with computers using a unique binary pattern called
Scan code
91
1B4 -Why does a computer need Input/Output (I/O)?
To receive information from the outside world and sends results back
92
1B4 -List 3 hardware devices which can send Interrupt Requests (IRQ) to the CPU
Sound cards, modems, and keyboards
93
1B4 -What is the software component of a hardware device called?
Device drivers
94
1B4 - What was the original purpose of the USB standard?
To make computers easier to use
95
1B4 - The USB _______________________ is part of the motherboard chipset which controls every USB device connected to it.
Host controller
96
1B4 -The USB root hub can support up to ______________ connected devices.
127
97
1B4 -USB is described an _________________ serial bus
Asynchronous
98
1B4 -Which USB device class supports keyboards and mice?
03h human interface device HiD
99
1B4 -USB flash drives and external hard drives are supported by the _____________________ device class.
08h mass storage class MSC
100
1B4 - What is the purpose of USB Power Delivery Standards (USB PD)?
To provide output voltage
101
1B4 -Which expansion device allows connection of a microphone and speakers to a computer?
Sound card
102
1B4 -A power supply converts 120V AC power into __________________ for internal components of a computer.
Low voltage DC power
103
1B4 -Most computer power supplies conform to the __________________ form factor.
ATX
104
1B4 -Power supplies are rated in ________________ based on their maximum output power.
Watts
105
1B4 -What does it mean if a PSU has an 80 Plus certification?
At least 80% of AC energy input is converted into DC energy, with the other 20% being wasted as heat
106
1B4 -Why are CPUs and graphics processors fitted with heat sinks?
Because of the heat generated by the chips
107
1B4 -Heat sinks are made of _______________ which are good conductors of heat.
metals
108
1B4 -What is the purpose of thermal compound?
To help with thermal conduction between the CPU and heat sink
109
1B4 -Why are CPUs sometimes equipped with fans?
To improve cooling
110
1B4 - Which cooling system is more effective than air cooling?
Liquid cooling
111
1C -Which publication governs the use of software in the Air Force?
DAFMAN 17-1203
112
1C -Which office is responsible for software license management across the entire Air Force?
Chief information officer SAF/CN
113
1C -Which Major Command (MAJCOM) is the lead for software license management?
ACC
114
1C -Define software:
Collection of data or instructions that tell a computer how to work
115
1C -What are the two main categories of software?
System software & application software
116
1C -What kind of software does work for users?
Application software
117
1C -_________ software interacts directly with computer hardware.
System
118
1C - _________ software can be turned on or off by the user while the computer is running.
Application
119
1C - _____ is software products that are ready-made and available to the public
COTS
120
1C - ________ is an exclusive legal right granted to an author or inventor
Copyright
121
1C -What kind of contract defines and limits software use?
License agreements
122
1C -Only software that is on the __________ __________ __________ can be used on Air Force networks.
Approved Product List
123
1C - All Air Force desktop/laptop software on new computer systems must comply with the _______.
SDC
124
1C - Which DoD agency manages USAF software testing and approval?
DISA
125
1C - The two main priorities of DoD software testing labs are ______________ and ______________ .
Cybersecurity and interoperability
126
2A - What are the 2 main components of a computer?
Hardware and software
127
2A -Software consists of ____________ of ___________ written in a programming language.
Lines of code
128
2A -An operating system is an example of _______________ software.
System
129
2A -List 3 features a modern operating system is expected to provide
GUI, command prompt, security, file system, networking, update, kernel, & program execution
130
2A -The kernel is the _____________ of an operating system.
very core
131
2A - The primary responsibility of the OS kernel is _______________ _________________.
Resource management
132
2A - List 2 common methods of OS user interface.
File system and command prompt
133
2A -Which feature of an operating system prevents unauthorized configuration changes?
Security
134
2A -The OS __________ ____________ provides a search function to make files easy to find.
File system
135
2A -BIOS consists of lines of code called
Firmware
136
2A -What is the fundamental purpose of BIOS?
Turn computer over to a operating system
137
2A -Microsoft Windows 10 OS is based on the _____________________________ kernel.
new technology
138
2A -What prevents the user from viewing or modifying the Windows OS code?
EULA
139
2A -Which operating system was developed at Bell Labs Research Center in the 1970s?
Linux
140
2A -Which UNIX-like OS was developed by Apple Inc.?
MacOS
141
2A -Which free and open-source OS was developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991?
Linux kernel
142
2A -Where are Linux-based operating systems most often used?
Internet infrastructure, cloud servers, & public/private data centers
143
2A -Which OS is most popular for desktop and laptop personal computers worldwide?
Windows
144
2A -Which devices use Chrome OS?
Chromebook Laptops
145
2A -What is the primary user interface of Chrome OS?
Chrome web browser
146
2A - Chrome OS is based on the _____________ kernel.
Linux
147
2A - How does Chrome OS use the Google Cloud?
User data and applications are based in the cloud
148
2B - A modern smartphone is a small, general-purpose wireless client computer. (True/False)
True
149
2B - What is the primary user interface of a mobile device?
Touchscreen
150
2B -List four characteristics which define a mobile device.
Handheld, uses mobileOS, touchscreen, uses wireless
151
2B -List three examples of mobile devices.
Smartphones, tablet computers, intermediate sized devices
152
2B -List the two most common mobile device operating systems
iOS & Android
153
2B -The iOS user interface is based on _______________ _______________.
Direct Manipulation
154
2B - _________ OS was originally intended for use on digital cameras.
Android
155
2B - Android OS is _______________ _______________, meaning it can be freely copied & distributed by anyone.
Open Source
156
2B - Which mobile OS allows applications only from one single, centralized source?
iOS
157
2B - Android OS is based on the _______________ kernel.
Linux
158
2B - Which mobile OS is used in many different products including smart TVs, cars, and home automation systems?
Android
159
2B - ______ OS permits user-directed installation of applications from many different sources
Android
160
2B - ______ is the most widely deployed OS in the world
Android
161
2B - Why are smartphones a special security concern in DoD environments?
Frequently lost or stolen, wireless connectivity makes them prone to compromise. Integrated radios provide multiple avenues for security/privacy compromise, & many apps do not undergo testing for security flaws
162
2C - Client software includes _______________________ that do real work for users.
Applications
163
2C - What is the difference between Microsoft SharePoint Standard and SharePoint Enterprise?
Share point standard is hosted on the cloud, share point enterprise is hosted on the customers own server
164
2C -Which Microsoft web browser is a replacement for Internet Explorer?
Edge
165
2C -Which Microsoft web browser is no longer supported and has effectively reached end of life?
Internet Explorer
166
2C - Which web browser offers full integration with the Cortana Personal Assistant included in Windows?
Edge
167
2C - Which platforms support Google’s Chrome web browser?
Windows, macOS, android, iOS, & Linux
168
2C -What tasks can users do with the Adobe Reader freeware application?
Viewing, printing, & annotating
169
2C -What file type encapsulates a document as an image?
Adobe acrobat
170
2C - List 3 services that McAfee LLC provides to the Department of Defense.
Continuous diagnostics and mitigation, cybersecurity as a service, & endpoint protection
171
4A - What is software piracy?
Unauthorized copying or distribution of copyrighted software
172
4A - When you purchase a copy of licensed software, you become the owner of that software. (True/False)
False
173
4A - Installing software on a server that doesn’t limit user access is an example of ____________________ piracy.
Corporate or end user
174
4A -A user who disables the copy protection features of licensed software is engaging in ____________________ piracy.
Internet
175
4A - According to DAFMAN 17-1203, who is ultimately responsible for preventing software piracy in the Air Force?
Chief information officer SAF/CN
176
4A - Who is responsible for appointing Base Software License Managers (BSLMs) for all software on an installation?
Host or tenant accountable property officer (APO)
177
4A - Who certifies that the Base Software License Manager (BSLM) has conducted an annual inventory of all software on an installation?
Host or tenant accountable property officer (APO)
178
4A - What is the BSLM primary control measure for preventing software piracy?
Careful management of software licenses
179
4A - Under US law software piracy is considered a form of
Copyright Infringment
180
4A - What are the maximum civil court penalties for software piracy?
$150,000 per violation
181
4A - What are the possible criminal penalties for software piracy? List two:
5 years in jail & up to 250,000
182
4B - Ethical use means that Air Force communications systems, email, Internet, and commercial systems paid for by the government are for _________________ use and ________________ purposes only.
Official
Authorized
183
4B - List two kinds of Official Use communications.
Emergency communication & communications the DoD component determine are necessary
184
4B - Official use of government communications systems includes communications for morale and welfare of deployed military members. (True/False)
True
185
4B - While traveling on official government business DoD employees are never authorized to contact family members using Air Force communications devices. (True/False)
False
186
4B -While traveling overseas an NCO receives an urgent email about a fundraising effort for a young child in America who has cancer. He uses his Air Force issued smartphone to forward the email to his family and friends. This is an authorized purpose because it is a matter of life and death. (True/False)
False
187
4B - A deployed Air Force officer uses his government issued laptop to send payment to his plumber to do emergency work at his house. The officer is not in trouble because this is an authorized purpose. (True/False)
True
188
4B - While using the Internet on a Federal Government system, what items of information are recorded by the government?
Name and computer address of the DoD employee
189
4B -All Federal Government communication systems are secure enough to process classified information without any special requirements. (True/False)
False
190
4B -What conditions must be met for a DoD employee to transmit classified information over any communications system?
Transmitted using approved security procedure and practices
191
5A -List 3 alternatives to a clean install of Windows.
Windows autopilot, network boot, & disk clone
192
5A -Which OS installation method requires the most time and labor?
Clean install
193
5A - Which OS installation method makes an exact copy of Windows and all files & applications onto another disk drive?
Disk clone
194
5A - List two ways to obtain Windows installation media.
Commercially purchased & download of windows .iso file
195
5A -List three possible ways to obtain a Windows activation key.
Supplied with your purchased DVD or flash media, already associated with your computer, & digital entitlement
196
5A -What is meant by digital entitlement to an activation key?
Free upgrade of existing OS
197
5A -The Windows activation key may already be associated with your hardware. (True/False)
True
198
5A -When performing a clean install of Windows why is it necessary to change the CMOS boot device priority?
To pick what media the OS is coming from
199
5A - Windows installation media can’t be used to partition or format a blank hard disk drive. (True/False)
False
