Review Questions Flashcards
If this course taught you only the name of each organ and where is in the body, would this be an anatomy course or a physiology course?
Anatomy Course
But are the seven levels of organization in the living organism?
Organism, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles, and molecules.
Name the four types of tissue.
Nervous tissue, muscle tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue.
What is the general term for the process in the environment that threatened homeostasis?
Stress
Suppose your heart rate began to increase significantly. If the body initiated a negative feedback response would your heart rate go up or down? If the body initiated a positive feedback response would your heart rate go up or down?
In the negative feedback system the heart rate would decrease. In the positive feedback system the heart rate would increase.
What two organs systems are most involved in controlling the negative feedback systems of the body?
The nervous system and the endocrine system.
When you exercise, your blood glucose levels tend to drop because you’re using the glucose for energy. To counteract that effect, the pancreas monitors your blood glucose level. If the pancreas decides that the blood glucose level is too low, it can release a hormone called glucagon. This hormone stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood. What is the stress, the control center, the effector, and is the endocrine system involved?
The stress is the decrease in blood glucose. The control center is pancreas. The effector is the liver. The endocrine system is involved.
Suppose you are using a 40x, 100x, 400x, 1000x microscope to study the human body. What levels of organization would you be studying?
Tissues, cells, and organelles.
What property of phospholipids gives the plasma membrane the ability to automatically reassemble?
The fact that phospholipids have a polar head and a nonpolar tail.
In which phases of mitosis do chromosomes have the x shape that most people associate with chromosomes?
Prophase and metaphase.
What is the function of a glycoprotein in the plasma membrane?
Identification.
What is the function of a receptor protein in the plasma membrane?
Receives messages from other cells.
The model of the plasma membrane that we discussed is the fluid mosaic model. What is the fluid? What does mosaic mean
The fluid is the oily part of the membrane which is composed of phospholipids. Mosaic means there are several different proteins throughout the phospholipid bilayer.
There are essentially four basic ways a substance can get through the plasma membrane what are they? If you get specific you end up listing six.
A substance can dissolve through the phospholipids, it can enter through a channel protein, it can enter using a carrier protein, or it can enter through endocytosis. There are also charged channel proteins, which are variations of channel proteins, and pinocytosis and phagocytosis, which is part of endocytosis.
How does water get through the plasma membrane?
Channel proteins
