Review Questions Flashcards
(220 cards)
1
Q
Which organ is most likely to be affected in adult polycystic kidney disease?
A
Liver
2
Q
Bilateral echogenic kidneys in newborns most likely represent?
A
Wilms’ tumors and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
3
Q
the most common cause of acute renal failure is
A
Acute tubular necrosis
4
Q
A hypernephroma is a solid renal mass. it is known as
A
- von grawitz tumor
-renal cell carcinoma
-adenocarcinoma of the kidney
5
Q
What laboratory values may be elevated in renal failure
A
-protein
-creatinine
-BUN
6
Q
elevated serum amylase may be secondary to all of the following except;
a. pancreatic duct obstruction
b. acute pancreatitis
c. liver disease
d. obstruction of the ampulla of Vater
A
Liver Disease
7
Q
which laboratory value is associated with prostate carcinoma
A
Acid phosphatase
PAP Prostatic acid phosphatase aka PSAP prostatic specific acid phosphatase will be increase
8
Q
Which laboratory values are elevated with liver metastases?
A
alpha-fetoprotein
9
Q
which lab value is the most sensitive indicator of hepatocellular disease?
A
ALT (alanine aminotransferase)
10
Q
Which laboratory value is specific for obstructive jaundice
A
Direct bilirubin
11
Q
all of the following increase with hepatocellular disease except:
a. AST
b. SGOT
c. SGPT
d. PSA
e. ALT
A
PSA
12
Q
alkaline phosphatase increased without elevation of alt maybe seen in
A
- Mirizzi syndrome
- Pancreatic carcinoma
- Choledocholithiasis
13
Q
Choledocholithiasis may result in
A
Increased direct bilirubin
Increased indirect bilirubin
14
Q
Hemolytic disorders may result in
A
predominant increase in indirect bilirubin
15
Q
What is the most common adrenal mass in a neonatal?
A
Adrenal Hemorrhage
16
Q
What is the most common childhood adrenal mass
A
Wilm’s Tumor and Nueroblastoma
17
Q
What is the most common primary carcinoma associated with adrenal metastases?
A
Lung
18
Q
An adrenal mass which causes a propagation speed artifact is a
A
Myelolipoma
19
Q
The adrenal glands and kidneys lie with in the
A
Perirenal space
20
Q
Which vessels is interlobar and which is intrasegnmental
A
Hepatic Vein is interlobar ; Portal vein is intrasegmental
21
Q
Addison’s disease is a syndrome that results from
A
Chronic Hypofunction
22
Q
What structure lies directly medial to both adrenal glands?
A
Crus of the diaphragm
23
Q
The IVC and Aorta are located in which retroperitoneum space?
A
Anterior pararenal space
24
Q
Which of the following syndromes are associated with an adrenal mass
A
Cushing’s syndrome
25
Which of the following is not retroperitoneal?
Kidney
Prostate
Aorta
Colon
Spleen
Spleen
26
The retroperitoneal space is defined as the area between the
Posterior parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall muscles
27
Which is spread through a fecal -oral route?
Hepatitis A
28
if retroperitoneal fibrosis is suspected, what is the most common secondary finding?
Hydronephrosis due to bilateral ureteral obstruction.
29
the inferior mesenteric vein drains into the
Splenic Vein
30
Which vessel is imaged between the SMA and the Aorta
Left Renal Vein
31
The azygous vein
Connects the proximal abdominal IVC to the superior vena cava
31
Which vessel does not drain directly into the IVC
Left Gonadal Vein
32
Which of the following is a branch of the celiac axis?
Left gastric artery
33
Which of the following is not a correct anatomic landmark in relation to the thyroid
Sternocleidomastoid - anteriolateral
Longus colli muscle - posterior
Internal jugular vein - lateral
Trachea - medial
Minor neurovascular bundle – lateral
Minor neurovascular bundle – lateral
34
all of the following a para mimic a parathyroid adenoma
-minor nuerovascular bundle
-esophagus
-intrathyroidal adenoma
35
The halo sign is defined as a sonolucent rim surrounding a throid mass, it is commonly seen in
Adenomas
36
graves disease is associated with all of the following except
-Hypothyroidism
-Audible bruit
-Diffusely enlarged thyroid
-prominent eye (exophthalmos)
-Cardiovascular symptoms
Hypothyroidism
37
parathyroid adenomas may be associated with
Hypercalcemia
38
What is the most common primary thyroid cancer
papillary carcinoma
39
Peripheral or eggshell like calcification are indicative of a
Benign nodule
40
which of the following lab values would reflect a pt with graves?
decreased TSH, Increased T3 and T4
41
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is characterized by all of the following
Glandular enlargement
coarse echotexture
hypothyroidism
42
Thyroglossal duct cysts are usually located
Anterior to the trachea
43
Strap muscle is ______ to thyroid
Anterior
44
sternocleidomastoid is ___________ to the thyroid
anterolateral
45
common carotid A, Internal Jugular V. are _________ to thyroid
lateral
46
Minor neurvascular bundle, Longus Colli Muscle parathyroid are ____________ to the thyroid
Posterior
47
The most common testicular tumor is a
Seminoma
48
to better image flow in a testicle for evaluation a torsion, you should
Decrease PRF
49
Anechoic lesions associated with the epididymis are
Epididymal cysts and spermatoceles
50
The spermatic cord consists of the
-Vas Deferens
- Creamasteric, deferential, testicular arteries
- Pampiniform plexus of veins
- Lymphatics
51
The most common cause of an acute scrotum in postpubertal males is
Epididymitis
52
A complication of cryptorchidism/orchioplexy is
Increased risk of malignancy
53
Hydroceles can be defined as serous fluid accumulated between the
Two layers of the tunica vaginalis
54
Most intratesticular masses are. . . Benign or Malignant?
Malignant
55
Most extratesticular masses are . . . Benign or Malignant?
Benign
56
Varicoceles are more common in the left or right of the scrotum?
Left
57
Which is the correct pathway of sperm from the testicle
ST,TR,RT,ED,DE,VD
Seminiferous Tubules, Tubuli recti, Rete Testes, Efferent ductules, Epididymis, Vas Deferens
58
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is characterized as
Increase in pyloric channel length, cross-sectional diameter, pyloric muscle thickness
59
Acute diverticulitis is characterized by
LLQ Pain, fever, Leukocytosis, Thickened bowel
60
Sonographically, the Gastroesophageal Junction can be visualized
Anterior to the Aorta and Posterior to the left lobe
61
Name the space of that is a recess of the peritoneum located between the uterus and the rectum
Pouch of Douglas
62
A 4 Month old infant presents with abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, and a palpable abdominal mass. What is the most likely pathology?
Intussusception
63
Which of the following is a component oof coagulation?
Vitamin K
64
What is the most likely dx in a pt with an elevation of CEA, Alkaline phosphatase, and GGT?
Liver Metastasis
65
Elevation of both GGT and ALP would most likely repersent
Biliary obstruction
66
A right adrenal mass will displace the superior pole of the kidney
Laterally
67
SGPT is the same laboratory value as
Alanine aminotransferase
68
Calcifications of the prostate are termed
Corpora amylacea
69
The largest percentage of cancers originate from which area of the prostate?
Peripheral Zone
70
The most common location for a pseudocyst is
Lesser sac
71
What is the classical sonographic appearance of prostate cancer?
Peripherally located and hypoechoic lesion.
72
PSA Levels Increase due to
prostate volume and age increase
73
What will increase PSA levels higher than that of BPH
Prostate cancer
74
Benign prostatic hyperplasia originates from the
transition zone
75
The Caudad portion of the gland is the
Prostatic Apex
76
What zone does the ejaculatory ducts pass through
Central zone of the prostate
77
What is the dcision between the inner gland and the peripheral zone
the surgical capsule
78
The fibromuscular stroma is a
Non-glandular anterior portion of the prostate
79
What structure marks the mid-point of the prostatic urethra by a small elevation of the urethral crest
Verumontanum
80
The seminal vesicles are located on which surface of the prostate?
Posterior/Superior surface
81
What is the most likely diagnosis in a pt with elevated AST and ALT
Hepatitis
82
Which of the following mist accurately describes the location of the caudate lobe
posterior to porta hepatis
83
Which of the following ligaments attaches the live to the anterior abdominal wall
Falciform
84
on spectral doppler, the hepatic veins are characterized by which of the following flow types
Multiphasic
85
Enlargement of the caudate lobe is most commonly associated with which of the following pathologies?
Cirrhosis
86
Which of the following spaces is located superior to the liver and inferior to the diaphragm?
Subphrenic Space
87
Which of the following conditions describes a congenital extension of the liver anterior and inferior to the right kidney?
Reidel lobe
88
The umbilical vein courses from the umbilicus to the
Left portal vein
89
A transjugular intra hepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is most commonly placed between the
RHV & RPV, (right hepatic vein and right portal vein)
90
Prominence of the portal veins (starry night sign or periportal cuffing) is most commonly associated with which of the following pathologies?
Acute hepatitis
91
Von Gierke disease is most commonly associated with:
Glycogen storage disease
92
Which of the following liver pathologies is associated with immune-suppressed pts?
Candidiasis
93
Which of the following hepatic structures is interlobar in locations
Hepatic Veins
94
Pts with history of Hepatitis B have a predisposing risk factor for developing a (an)
Hepatoma
95
The right lobe of the liver is divided into anterior and posterior segments by the
Right hepatic Vein (RHV)
96
The left lobe of the liver is separated from the right lobe by which of the following structures
Middle Hepatic Vein and Main Lobar Fissure (MHV & MLF)
97
The ductus venosum drains into the
IVC
98
A Cavernous Hemangioma most commonly appears on ultrasound as a
Homogeneous hyperechoic mass
99
Organs associated with polycystic disease include:
Adrenal Gland
100
Which of the following landmarks are used to divide the liver into right and left lobes
GB Fossa, Main Lobar Fissure, Middle Hepatic Vein, Inferior vena cava
101
Which of the following describes diffuse foci within the liver with or without shadowing, most often associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome?
Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci
102
Which of the following are associated with an increase in incidence in renal cell carcinoma?
Multiple sclerosis
103
Which of the following more commonly invades the Inferior Vena Cava?
Renal Cell Carcinoma
104
Which of the following is a type of Hamartoma?
Angiomyolipoma
105
What is the common cause of a hepatic abscess?
Biliary tract disease
106
What is the most common location of a hepatic pyogenic abscess?
Right lobe
107
A "Daughter Cyst" is associated with which of the following pathologies?
Hydatid Cyst
108
Marked elevation in which of the following laboratory test is associated with obstructive jaundice?
Alkaline Phosphatase
109
Which is the location of a Klatskin tumor?
Porta Hepatis
110
what is the most common form of glycogen storage disease?
Von Gierke's disease
111
Which of the following is considered a "stealth lesion"?
Focal nodular hyperplasia
112
Which of the following pharmacologic agents has been postulated to promote cavernous hemangioma growth?
Estrogen
113
Which What is associated with pneumobilia?
-Sphincter of Odi Incompetency
-Emphysematous cholecystitis
-ERCP
114
Choledochal cysts are more commonly associated with which ethnic group?
Japanese
115
What portion of the pancreas is perpendicular to the sound beam?
Body
116
what are the tributary of the main portal vein
-Right gastric vein
-Coronary vein
-Cystic Vein
117
What is the most common cause of a hyperechoic pancreas is a child
Cystic Fibrosis
118
Which of the following is a branch of the proper hepatic artery?
Right Gastric Artery
119
What is the single most common cause of acute pancreatitis
Gallstones
Alcohol abuse is 2nd
120
What is the single most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
Alcohol abuse
121
What is the most common cause of a pseudocyst in a child
Abdominal trauma
122
Which vessel may demonstrate retrograde flow with anterior nutcracker syndrome
Gonadal Vein
123
What condition is suggested by intrahepatic ductal dilatation and the absence of the common hepatic duct in the neonate?
Biliary atresia
124
What is the most likely diagnosis of a round anechoic mass located on the midline of the neck?
Thyroglossal duct cyst
125
Which would be most diagnostically useful when hydronephrosis is discovered
Check Bladder for Ureteral jets
126
What is the term for a color doppler artifact seen posterior to a strong reflector
Twinkle
127
Which medicine may be discontinued before performing an ultrasound-guided biopsy
Heparin
128
Describes a fact the caudate lobe
It receives its blood supply from the right and left portal vein
129
Where is the superior mesenteric artery in relation to the pacreas
Posterior
130
Ascites in the upper abdomen of a supine PT will accumulate between which structure
Liver and the right kidney
131
Where are the spiral valves of heister located?
Cystic duct
132
What is the term for hyperplasia of the thyroid?
Goiter
133
The ligamentum venosum appears as a echogenic band that divides which two structures
Left lobe of the liver and the caudate lobe
134
An ultrasound examination of a PT who has a cholangiocarcinoma at the level of the common hepatic duct is most likely to reveal which finding?
Dilated intrahepatic bile ducts
135
What velocity info do the pixels of a color doppler image provide?
Mean Velocity
136
What waveform characteristic produces power or energy imaging?
Amplitude
137
The parallel channel sign is most often associated with which disease process
Cholangiocarcinoma
138
What is the most likely clinical sign in a PT with elevated indirect bilirubin
Jaundice
139
Which laboratory value decreases in the hepatocellular disease?
Albumin
140
Which term defines hospital acquired infections?
Nosocomial
141
Which portion of the penis contains the urethra
Corpus spongiosum
142
In a PT with normal portal pressures, the left (coronary) gastric vein drains into the
Main Portal Vein
143
if testicular torsion occurs in a neonate, it is most likely a (an)
Extravaginal torsion
144
Peyronies disease is a demonstration of calcifications along what portion of the penis?
Dorsal
145
Which portion of the penis contains the urethra?
corpus spongiosum
146
When scanning the penis in the anatomic position, what structure is in the near field?
Corpus spongiosum
147
The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as the
Pyramidal lobe
148
why is paracentesis performed prior to TIPS placement in PTs with ascites?
creates a more favorable angle between the hepatic veins and IVC for the procedure
149
Which of the following is a prehepatic cause for jaundice?
Gilbert's syndrome
150
Which of the following is an intra-hepatic cause for jaundice?
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
151
Which of the following is a post-hepatic cause for jaundice?
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
152
when preforming shear wave elastography, what is the recommended number of sampling
10
153
Which METAVIR stage is indicative of cirrhosis?
F4
154
Which METAVIR stage is indicative of normal liver parenchyma
F0
155
When performing hepatic elastography, the region of intrest is
2 cm below Glisson's capsule in the right lobe of the liver
156
Which sonoelastography technique is used to determine hepatic fibrosis
shear wave
157
An Ectopic ureterocele is associated with which complication?
Upper pole hydronephrosis
158
Which of the following represents the most commonly reported cause of a palpable abdominal mass in the newborn
multicystic dysplastic kidney
159
Anechoic masses that occur around a renal transplant included
-Urinoma
-Lymphocele
-Hematoma
-Corpus luteal cyst
160
Which statement about the kidney is false?
Kidneys rest on the psoas laterally and quadratus lumborum medially
161
a 3 year old boy present with hematuria and a palpable left flank mass. sonography depicts a solid renal mass. This finding would most likely represent
Wilms' tumor
162
While preforming an ultrasound exam, the sonographer finds that both kidneys measure 5 cm in length. they are very echogenic. What or possible DX?
-Chronic glomerulonephritis
-Chronic pyelonephritis
-Bilateral renal artery disease
163
What is the most common newborn abdominal mass associated with a decrease in hematocrit?
Adrenal Hemorrhage
164
Which of the following is not a cause of splenomegaly?
Pancreatitis
165
Which of the following is not associated with splenic trauma
Perinephric fluid collection
166
A Wedge-shaped lesion within the spleen is associated with
splenic infarct
167
the most common cause of splenomegaly is
portal hypertension
168
The congenital absence of the spleen is associated with
visceral heterotaxy
169
Which of the following diseases would result in splenic atrophy (autosplenectomy)
sickle-cell anemia
170
which of the following are associated with splenomegaly?
polycythemia vera
lymphoma
portal vein thrombosis
schistosomiasis
171
What is the correct path of a red blood cell returning to the heart
Splenic vein, Portal vein, Right portal vein, emissary veins, IVC, right atrium
172
Which o the following will displace the the superior mesenteric artery anteriorly?
left renal vein thrombosis
173
Which of the following is correct?
The lesser sac is located anterior and superior to the pancreas
174
Which of the following will displace the superior mesenteric artery anteriorly?
left renal vein thrombosis.
175
Which of the following is correct?
the lesser sac is located anterior and superior to the pancreas
176
The CBD is joined with the pancreatic duct before entering the
second portion of the duodenum
177
the gastroduodenal artery
-is the first branch of the common hepatic artery
-proceeds caudally along the anterolateral margin of the pancreatic head
-is seen in the transverse views directly anterior to the common bile duct
-is the point where the common hepatic artery becomes the hepatic artery proper
178
islet cell tumors of the pancreas are most likely to be located
frequently in the body and tail, rarely in the head
179
Chronic pancreatitis may be associated with which of the following sonographic patterns?
-Increased echogenicity
-decrease in pancreas size
-calcifications
-dilated pancreatic duct
180
Occasionally a puesdocysts may have internal echoes and be confused with an abscess. to distinguish the two, one should look for
Gas
181
The pancreas is located in the
Retroperitoneum
182
The portion of the pancreas that lies posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and vein is the
uncinate process
183
the most common primary neoplasm of the pancreas is adenocarcinoma
-usually found in the head of the pancreas
-accompanies by weight loss and painless jaundice
-accompanied by dilated gallbladder
-causes dilatation of the CBD
184
Throughout its course, the splenic vein is located on the
posterior surface of the pancreatic body and tail
185
Courvoisier sign is associated with all of the following except
hepatocellular carcinoma
186
Throughout it's course, the splenic vein is located on the
posterior surface of the pancreatic body and tail.
187
Courvoisiers sign is associated with all the following
-Pancreatic carcinoma
-Dilated GB
-Biliary duct dilatation
-painless jaundice
188
Courvoisiers sign is associated with all the following:
-Pancreatic carcinoma
-Dilated GB
-Hepatocellular Carcinoma
-Biliary duct dilatation
-painless jaundice
-Hepatocellular carcinoma
189
G B wall thickening may be due to all of the following
-Ascites
-Hypoproteinemia
-right-sided congestive failure
-acute cholecystitis
190
Which of the following is associated with Caroli's disease
dilated intrahepatic bile ducts
191
The causes of a large GB include all of the following
-Cystic duct obstruction
-Pancreatic Carcinoma
-Diabetes Mellitus
-A fasting PT
-Common duct obstruction
192
A Phrygian cap is
A fold at the GB Fundus
193
increased levels of alkaline phosphatase are expected with
-Biliary obstruction
-Children
-Hepatocellular disease
-Pregnancy
194
A 48 year old female presents post cholecystectomy with RUQ pain, Elevated serum bilirubin (manly conjugated) and bilirubin in her urine. It is true that
she probably has a stone tumor or stricture obstructing the bile duct
195
Dilatational of the intrahepatic biliary tree without dilatation of the extrahepatic duct includes all of the following except
-Klatskin tumor
-Enlarged portal lymph nodes at the porta hepatis
-Cholangiocarcinoma
196
if on US exam, one finds a PT with intrahepatic dilated ducts and a small GB, this may indicated that the level of obstruction
Above the cystic duct
197
A parasitic, disease of the liver that causes portal hypertension and occlusion of the portal veins is
Schistosomiasis
198
All of the following mass lesions are benign
-Hematoma
-Hamartoma
-Hepatic adenoma
-Hemangioma
199
Which part of the liver is least affected by Budd Chiari?
Caudate
200
Caudate lobe venous drainage is primarily through
The emissary veins
201
Budd Chiari is occlusion of the
Hepatic Veins
202
Which is in decreasing order of echogenicity
Renal sinus > Pancreas > Liver > Renal Parenchyma
203
Cystic Lesions with in the liver included all of the following except
-Congenital cysts
-Polycystic liver disease
-Caroli's disease
-Hemangiomas
Hemangiomas
204
The ligamentum teres
-Resides in the left intersegmental fissure
-A remnant of the umbilical vein
-Recanalized in servere cirrhosis
-An echogenic spot on transverse liver images
205
The caudate lobe is located on the
posterosuperior surface of the liver
206
the ligamentum venosum is all of the following except
A remnant of the umbilical vein
207
Which fetal circulation pathway connects the left portal vein to the IVC
Ductus Venosus
208
All of the following are associated with echinococcal cysts except
Ascites
209
Right liver lobe is supplied by what vessel
right portal vein
210
Left liver lobe is supplied by what vessel
left portal vein
211
Caudate lobe is supplied by what vessel
Right and Left vein
212
Where does the caudate lobe lie
posterior-superior surface between the IVC and medial left lobe
213
What vessels drain the caudate lobe
Emissary veins drain directly into the IVC
214
Caudate lobe is specifically located
-Posterior to the Ligamentum venosum & Porta Hepatis
-Anterior and Medial to IVC
-Lateral to Lesser Sac
215
IVC maybe compressed if what part of the level is enlarged
Caudate Lobe
216
What segments are in the right posterior
Segments VI (6) & VII (7)
217
What segments are in the right anterior
Segments V (5) & VIII (8)
218
What segments are in the left medial
Segments IVa (4a) & IVb (4b)
219
