Review Questions Flashcards
(18 cards)
What was the earliest and most important synapomorphy for tetrapods to adapt to land?
A) the ability to maintain a constant body temperature
B) metamorphosis
C) the amniotic egg
D) feathers
E) Lactation (milk production for young)
A) the ability to maintain a constant body temperature
B) metamorphosis
C) the amniotic egg
D) feathers
E) Lactation (milk production for young)
Which of the following are the only modern animals that may have descended directly from dinosaurs?
A) lizards
B) crocodiles
C) snakes
D) birds
E) mamamals
A) lizards
B) crocodiles
C) snakes
D) birds
E) mamamals
For each of the characteristic, list the clades (one through 4 below) that are pertinent
A. External fertilization
B. Breathing through skin as well as lungs
C. Lactation, fur
D. Aquatic eggs
E. Scales or feathers on skin, hardened with keratin
F. Parental care of the young
G. Amniotic eggs
H. Endothermic metabolism
I. Dramatic metamorphasis
J. Internal fertilization
- Amphibians
- Reptiles
- Mammals
- Birds
A. External fertilization______1
B. Breathing through skin as well as lungs____1
C. Lactation, fur____3
D. Aquatic eggs____1
E. Scales or feathers on skin, hardened with keratin______2,4
F. Parental care of the young_____3,4
G. Amniotic eggs_____2,3,4
H. Endothermic metabolism____3,4
I. Dramatic metamorphasis_____1
J. Internal fertilization _____2,3,4
Differentiation of teeth is greatest in
A) sharks.
B) bony fishes.
C) amphibians.
D) reptiles.
E) mammals.
A) sharks.
B) bony fishes.
C) amphibians.
D) reptiles.
E) mammals.
Which is not characteristic of all mammals?
A) a four-chambered heart that prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
B) give birth to live young (viviparous)
C) have hair during at least some period of their life
D) have glands to produce milk to nourish their offspring
E) have a diaphragm to assist in ventilating the lungs
A) a four-chambered heart that prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
B) give birth to live young (viviparous)
C) have hair during at least some period of their life
D) have glands to produce milk to nourish their offspring
E) have a diaphragm to assist in ventilating the lungs
Many biologists ague that viruses are not living organisms, in large part because ________.
- they do not have their own cell membranes, ribosomes or other machinery for reproducing themselves
- they can not reproduce
- unlike prokaryotic and eukaryotic parasites, viruses are unable to exploit their host cell’s metabolic capabilities
- they are unable to evolve or adapt to their changing environment
- they lack a genome – no DNA or RNA
•they do not have their own cell membranes, ribosomes or other machinery for reproducing themselves
- they can not reproduce
- unlike prokaryotic and eukaryotic parasites, viruses are unable to exploit their host cell’s metabolic capabilities
- they are unable to evolve or adapt to their changing environment
- they lack a genome – no DNA or RNA
Whether a virus is classified as “positive sense” or “negative sense” is determined by which of these characteristics?
- whether it has DNA or RNA
- whether its growth is replicative or latent
•whether it has just a capsid or both a capsid and
an envelope
•Whether it has a cellulose cell wall
•whether its genome is identical or complementary
to the viral mRNA
- whether it has DNA or RNA
- whether its growth is replicative or latent
•whether it has just a capsid or both a capsid and
an envelope
•Whether it has a cellulose cell wall
•whether its genome is identical or complementary
to the viral mRNA
Which of the following is least likely to kill the organism it feeds on?
A) seed eater
B) parasite
C) predator
D) carnivore
E) herbivore
A) seed eater
B) parasite
C) predator
D) carnivore
E) herbivore
Match the disease to the virus
Disease: AIDS, Infantile Paralysis, Cowpox, Flu
Vaccinia virus
HIV
Poliovirus
Influenza A and B viruses
Vaccinia virus________Cowpox
HIV________AIDS
Poliovirus________Infantile Paralysis
Influenza A and B viruses________Flu
Which of the following is true about antivirals?
- They “turn on” the adaptive immunity system of the patient
- They kill bacteria by preventing cell wall formation
- They prevent the infection or reproduction of viruses in host cells
- They are not helpful in treating HIV patients
- They are essentially the same thing as antibiotics
- They “turn on” the adaptive immunity system of the patient
- They kill bacteria by preventing cell wall formation
3. They prevent the infection or reproduction of viruses in host cells
- They are not helpful in treating HIV patients
- They are essentially the same thing as antibiotics
Areas at 30° North and South latitude are most likely to be subjected to ________.
A. rising air currents and desert conditions
B. falling air currents and desert conditions
C. rising air currents and high levels of precipitation
D. falling air currents and high levels of precipitation
A. rising air currents and desert conditions
B. falling air currents and desert conditions
C. rising air currents and high levels of precipitation
D. falling air currents and high levels of precipitation
Why are marshes and swamps more biodiverse than bogs?
A. Water movement provides greater nutrient supply for plants in marshes and swamps than in stagnant bogs
B. Water movement allows for greater oxygen levels for aquatic animals
C. Bogs have very few plant types – they are usually dominated by sphagnum moss, which can tolerate low nutrients and acidic water – there are fewer niches for animals
D. Marshes and swamps have more above-ground and above-water biomass than do bogs. More niches for animals to fill
E. All of the above are true
A. Water movement provides greater nutrient supply for plants in marshes and swamps than in stagnant bogs
B. Water movement allows for greater oxygen levels for aquatic animals
C. Bogs have very few plant types – they are usually dominated by sphagnum moss, which can tolerate low nutrients and acidic water – there are fewer niches for animals
D. Marshes and swamps have more above-ground and above-water biomass than do bogs. More niches for animals to fill
E. All of the above are true
Compared with the open ocean, marine life is especially abundant and diverse near the shore because
A) inorganic nutrients are more plentiful near the shore.
B) the water is calmer near the shore.
C) the open ocean is too salty.
D) there is less competition for light near the shore.
E) the water is colder near the shore.
A) inorganic nutrients are more plentiful near the shore.
B) the water is calmer near the shore.
C) the open ocean is too salty.
D) there is less competition for light near the shore.
E) the water is colder near the shore.
Which of the following is not true about estuaries?
A) Estuaries are often bordered by mudflats and salt marshes.
B) Estuaries contain waters of varying salinity.
C) Estuaries usually contain no or few primary producers.
D) Estuaries support many semiaquatic species.
E) Estuaries support a variety of animal life that humans consume.
A) Estuaries are often bordered by mudflats and salt marshes.
B) Estuaries contain waters of varying salinity.
C) Estuaries usually contain no or few primary producers.
D) Estuaries support many semiaquatic species.
E) Estuaries support a variety of animal life that humans consume.
The highest total primary productivity occurs in the open ocean rather than other ecosystems. Why?
A) It contains more species of organisms
B) It contains greater concentrations of nutrients.
C) It receives a greater amount of solar energy per unit area.
D) It has the greatest total area.
E) Its producers are generally much smaller than its consumers.
A) It contains more species of organisms
B) It contains greater concentrations of nutrients.
C) It receives a greater amount of solar energy per unit area.
D) It has the greatest total area.
E) Its producers are generally much smaller than its consumers.
According to most conservation biologists, the single greatest threat to global biodiversity is
A) stratospheric ozone depletion.
B) global climate change resulting from a variety of human activities.
C) chemical pollution of water and air.
D) insufficient recycling programs for nonrenewable resources.
E) alteration or destruction of the physical habitat.
A) stratospheric ozone depletion.
B) global climate change resulting from a variety of human activities.
C) chemical pollution of water and air.
D) insufficient recycling programs for nonrenewable resources.
E) alteration or destruction of the physical habitat.
Which of the following is (are) true for biodiversity hot spots for plants and birds? They
A) have high concentrations of endemic species.
B) make up a total of less than 1.5% of the global land surface.
C) tend to be found in tropical forest and dry shrubland (chaparral type) biomes.
D) have large numbers of endangered and threatened species.
E) All of the above are true.
A) have high concentrations of endemic species.
B) make up a total of less than 1.5% of the global land surface.
C) tend to be found in tropical forest and dry shrubland (chaparral type) biomes.
D) have large numbers of endangered and threatened species.
E) All of the above are true.
The plants and animals found in Borneo and Sumatra differ greatly from those found in New Guinea because ________.
A) there are differences in precipitation patterns between the two regions
B) there are differences in ocean circulation patterns that affect the islands
C) Borneo and Sumatra are much older islands than New Guinea
D) a deep trench between the islands maintained a water barrier during the most recent glaciations
E) New Guinea is primarily mountainous, whereas Borneo and Sumatra have few mountainous areas
A) there are differences in precipitation patterns between the two regions
B) there are differences in ocean circulation patterns that affect the islands
C) Borneo and Sumatra are much older islands than New Guinea
D) a deep trench between the islands maintained a water barrier during the most recent glaciations
E) New Guinea is primarily mountainous, whereas Borneo and Sumatra have few mountainous areas
