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HNN > Review Sessions 4-8 > Flashcards

Review Sessions 4-8 Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

Which structure is innervated by parasympathetic fibres that hitchhike on the maxillary nerve

A

Lacrimal gland - post ganglionic fibres from the pterygopalatine ganglion derived from the facial nerve

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2
Q

Which branch of the mandibular nerve passes through the mandibular canal to eventually become the mental nerve

A

Inferior alveolar branch

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3
Q

Which retinal fibres are present in the left optic tract

A

Left temporal and right nasal

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4
Q

What surrounds the optic nerve

A

Cranial meninges

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5
Q

Internal carotid plexus sending branches to occulomotor nerve are what modality

A

Sympathetic

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6
Q

Function of trochlear nerve

A

Somatic motor

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7
Q

Where does the facial nerve divide into the five terminal motor branches

A

Within the parotid gland

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8
Q

Where are the cochlear hair cells located

A

Organ of corti

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9
Q

Which part of the ear does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate

A

Middle ear

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10
Q

Spinal part of the accessory nerve arises from

A

C1-5/6

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11
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve

A

Somatic motor

Majority of muscles in the tongue

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12
Q

Fibres from which spinal nerve root accompany the hypoglossal nerve

A

C1-C2

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13
Q

Which of the extrinsic tongue muscles is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve

A

Palatoglossus (vagus)

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14
Q

Tentorium cerebelli is formed by the reflection of which layer of the meninges

A

Meningeal dura

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15
Q

Lateral head trauma and wedge shaped area on CT indicate

A

Middle meningeal artery pathology

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16
Q

Order of venous blood leaving cranial cavity

A

Superior Sagitta sinus
Confluence of sinuses
Transverse sinus
Sigmoid sinus
IJV

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17
Q

Crescent shape shape CT and anticoagulants indicate

A

Bridging vein trauma

Acute subdural haematoma

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18
Q

Down and out position of eye indicates

A

Damage to oculomotor nerve

Leaves only lateral rectus (Abducens) and superior oblique (trochlear nerve)

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19
Q

Which muscle moves the eye up and in

A

Inferior oblique

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20
Q

What causes downward gaze diploplia

A

Trochlear nerve

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21
Q

Weakness and atrophy are noted on a pateints left side of tongue. Where is the lesion likely located

A

Left hypoglossal

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22
Q

Which 2 cranial nerves are tested during corneal reflex

A

Afferent = trigeminal

Efferent = facial

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23
Q

Patents bites tip of tongue. Through which nerve do they feel pain

A

Trigeminal

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24
Q

Which area would correlate with left sided motor weakness

A

I

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25
What is G
Thalamus
26
What is H
Corpus callosum
27
Which structures make up hindbrain
Pons Cerebellum Medulla
28
What is H
Central sulcus
29
what is A
Cerebellum
30
Compression of which cranial nerve would explain a dilated pupil
Oculomotor Parasympathetic fibres for sphincter pupillae
31
Whatis B
Lateral fissure
32
Which structures make up forebrain
Diencepahlon Hypothalamus Thalamus Cerebrum
33
How can infection in the scalp spread intracranially
Venous blood vessels can drain into emissary veins (as well as internal and external jugular veins) Connect scalp veins to intracranial venous structures- dural venous sinuses
34
How can infection around the orbit spread intracranially
Opthalmic vein drains mostly via facial vein but also to cavernous sinus Veins are valveless- blood can pass in either direction
35
Visual symptoms during tumour of frontal lobe
Optic nerve is extension of forebrain Carries layers of meninges with it Raised ICP within subarachnoid space compresses optic nerves
36
What is cranial nerve 8
Vestibulocochlear
37
What are structures A and B
Superior sagittal sunus Falx cerebri
38
Functions of facial nerve
Autonomic innervation to lacrimal glands Taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue Autonomic innervation to most of the salivary glands
39
What passes through jugular foramen
IJV Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory
40
Special sensory nerves
Olfactory - smell Facial - anterior 2/3 taste Optic - vision Vestibulocochlear - balance and hearing Glossopharyngeal - posterior 1/3 taste
41
Which cranial nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus
Facial and vestibulocochlear
42
What does the internal carotid pass through
Carotid canal Petrous part of temporal bone Carotid sheath
43
Which of the cranial nerves carry the afferent (sensory) signals from baroreceptors within the carotid sinus to the brainstem
Glossopharyngeal
44
Which two cranial nerves are involved in the corneal reflex
Afferent = Opthalmic division of trigeminal Va Efferent = facial
45
What venous structure passes through D
IJV
46
Which artery is most associated with the post ganglionic fibres of the middle cervical ganglion
Inferior thyroid
47
Which cervical ganglion is most associated with the innervation of the superior tarsal muscle
Superior cervical ganglion
48
Left facial droop secondary to facial nerve lesion, what other problems should you look for
Dry mouth Difficulty closing eye Altered taste
49
Muscles found within eyelid receive innervation from which nerves
Sympathetic Occulomotor Facial
50
Why might patients with facial nerve lesions have difficulty closing eye
Orbicularis oculi
51
Parasympathetic functions associated with vagus nerve
Cardiac conducting system Smooth muscle in respiratory tract Mucosal glands in pharynx Smooth muscle in GI tract
52
Which branches of the facial nerve arise in the petrous part of the temporal bone
Chorda tympani Nerve to stapedius Greater petrosal nerve
53
What are not functions of glossopharyngeal nerve
Motor to soft palate Sensory to larynx All vagus
54
Which part of the auricle is least likely to be affected by an auricular haematoma
Lobule as non cartilaginous
55
Roof of middle ear
Petrous part of temporal bone
56
Which nerve innervates the tensor tympani muscle
Mandibular nerve
57
What is number 10
Malleus
58
Examination of ear positions of lobe
Adult = backwards, upwards and outwards Child = down and backwards
59
Likely location of facial nerve lesion in someone with facial paralysis, dry eyes, weird taste and hyperacusis
Internal auditory meatus
60
Middle ear lesion would compromise
Motor and taste functions but not greater Petrosal nerve - should not cause problems with lacrimation
61
WHat is number 5
Round window
62
What is the round window
Opening in cochlea of inner ear covered in a membrane
63
What is the oval window
Where footplate of stapes meets cochlea
64
Otitis externa most likely causative pathogen
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
65
General somatic sensation from external ear nerves
Cervical nerve C2 Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Vagus nerve
66
Does glossopharyngeal do sensation from external ear
No, middle ear
67
Larynx and laryngopharynx are innervated by
Vagus nerve for motor and sensory
68
A = ciliary body B = Iris C = lens E = cornea
69
What is important when answering questions about cranial nerves
LEFT or RIGHT
70
Muscles found within the eyelid receives innervation from which nerves
Facial nerve, oculomotor nerve, sympathetic nerves
71
Levator palpebrae superioris is innervated by
Somatic motor fibres within occulomotor nerve Superior tarsal muscle within it is supplied by sympathetic nervous system
72
Conjunctiva does not line
Lens or cornea
73
What happens at limbus
Conjunctiva does not continue over cornea
74
Superior orbital fissure transmits what
Abducens, superior Opthalmic vein, trochlear nerve, CN Va
75
Injury to which cranial nerve would account for diploplia worse on downward gaze
Right trochlear nerve - right superior oblique muscle paralysis
76
Recurrent dizziness, tinnitus and hearing loss. Episodic What is diagnosis
Menieres disease
77
BPPV only affects
Vestibular apparatus- causes vertigo and no hearing loss Vomiting is not typical
78
which structure comprises the majority of the fibrous layer of the eyeball
Sclera
79
Which structure forms the innermost layer of the eye
Retina
80
What is the name given to the fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye
Aqueous humour
81
which of the following bones does NOT contribute to the floor of the orbit
Frontal
82
Which of the following nerves is not found within the orbit
Facial Nerve
83
Which of the following structures does NOT pass through the inferior orbital fissure
Optic nerve
84
What is the general somatic motor function of the abducens nerve
Lateral rectus
85
The oculomotor nerve receives branches from the internal cavernous sinus. Which modality are these nerve fibres?
Sympathetic
86
What is the main action of the superior rectus muscle?
Elevation
87
Where is the lacrimal gland located within the bony orbit
Superior and lateral
88
With regards to the lacrimal gland, which of the following statements is true?
Sympathetic fibres to the lacrimal gland travel with the maxillary nerve
89
Where do the post-ganglionic fibres to the lacrimal gland originate ?
The post-ganglionic fibres to the lacrimal gland originate from the pterygopalatine ganglion
90
The tarsal Plate of the eyelid lies immmediately deep to which muscle
Orbicularis oculi
91
Where in the eyelid do the Meibomian glands lie
Tarsal plate

HNN (19 decks)

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