Review Stuff

Question 1

paleolithic art

Answer 1

A very ancient period of art coincident with the Old Stone Age, before the discovery of agriculture and animal herding

Question 2

neolithic art

Answer 2

A period of ancient art after the introduction of agriculture but before the invention of bronze. New Stone Age

Question 3

petroglyphs

Answer 3

image or symbol carved in shallow relief on a rock surface, usually ancient

Question 4

ziggurat

Answer 4

rectangular or squared stepped pyramid, often with a temple at its top

Question 5

hierarchic scale

Answer 5

use of unnatural proportions or scale to show the relative importance of figures; most commonly practiced in ancient Near Easter and Egyptian art

Question 6

classical art

Answer 6

the art of ancient Greece and Rome, particularly the style of Greek art that flourished during the fifth century BCE; emphasizes rational simplicity, order, and restrained emotion

Question 7

romanesque

Answer 7

European architecture prevalent from the ninth to the twelfth centuries with round arches and barrel vaults

Question 8

catacomb

Answer 8

underground burial places in ancient Rome

Question 9

krater

Answer 9

in classical Greek art, a wide-mouthed vessel with handles, used for mixing wine and water for ceremonial drinking

Question 10

gothic

Answer 10

architectural style in Western Europe from the twelfth through the fifteeth centuries; characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses

Question 11

iconoclast

Answer 11

in Byzantine art, one who opposes the creation of images of holy persons, believing that they promote idolatry

Question 12

kouros

Answer 12

an Archaic Greek statue of a standing nude young male

Question 13

basilica

Answer 13

a Roman town hall, with three aisles and an apse at one or both ends; Christians appropriated this form for this churches

Question 14

humanism

Answer 14

cultural and intellectual movement during the Renaissance, following the rediscovery of the art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome. A philosophy/attitude concerned with the interests, achievements, and capabilities of human beings rather than with the abstract concepts and problems of theology or science

Question 15

baroque

Answer 15

17th century period in Europe characterized in the visual arts by dramatic light and shade, turbulent composition, and pronounced emotional expression

Question 16

still life

Answer 16

painting of inanimate objects, such as flowers, fruit, domestic utensils

Question 17

renaissance

Answer 17

the period in Europe from the late 14th through 16th centuries, characterized by a renewed interest in human-centered classical art, literature, and learning

Question 18

genre painting

Answer 18

artwork that takes as its subjective everyday life, rather than civic leader, religious leaders, or heroes

Question 19

rococo

Answer 19

a style used in interior decoration and painting in France and southern Germany in the 18th century, characterized by small-scale and ornate decoration, pastel colors, and asymmetrical arrangement of curves

Question 20

bodhisattva

Answer 20

a Buddhist holy person who is about to achieve enlightenment but postpones it to remain on earth to teach others

Question 21

taotie mask

Answer 21

mask of abstracted shapes commonly found on ancient Chinese bronze vessels

Question 22

ukiyo-e

Answer 22

Japanese prints that depict scenes of the “floating world”, including landscapes, popular entertainments, and theater scenes or actors

Question 23

stupa

Answer 23

domelike structure probably derived from Indian funeral mounds

Question 24

literati painting

Answer 24

the work of painters not attached to the royal courts of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties in China

Question 25

garba griha

Answer 25

sacred room of a Hindu Temple, where rituals are performed and the image of the god is kept

Question 26

handscroll

Answer 26

long painting in ink on paper, which viewers contemplate by scrolling from hand o hand. Known chiefly in China and Japan

Question 27

mihrab

Answer 27

a niche in the end wall of a mosque that points the way to Mecca

Question 28

madrasa

Answer 28

a building that combines a school, prayer hall, and lodging for students

Question 29

minaret

Answer 29

tower

Question 30

iwan

Answer 30

a high vaulted porch to mark an important building or entrance

Question 31

mana

Answer 31

in Oceania, spiritual power that may reside in persons, places, or things

Question 32

terra cotta

Answer 32

earthenware that contains enough iron oxide to impart a reddish tone when fired

Question 33

totem

Answer 33

an object such as an animal or plant that serves as an emblem of a family or clan

Question 34

academic art

Answer 34

art governed by rules, especially works sanctioned by an official institution, academy, or school

Question 35

painterly

Answer 35

openness of form; shapes defined by loose brushwork in light and dark color areas rather than by outline or contour

Question 36

post-impressionism

Answer 36

general term applied to various personal styles of painting by French artists that developed from 1885-1900 in reaction to what these arts saw as the somewhat formless/aloof quality of Impressionist painting. Post Impressionist painters were concerned with significance of form, symbols, expressiveness, and psychological intensity

Question 37

avant-garde

Answer 37

artists who work in an experimental or innovative way, often opposing mainstream standards

Question 38

realism

Answer 38

1. type of representational art in which the artist depicts what the eye sees 2. mid 19th century style of Courbet and others, based on the idea that ordinary people and everyday activities are worthy subjects for art.

Question 39

divisionism/pointillism

Answer 39

system of painting using tiny dots or "points" of color, developed by French artist Georges Seurat in the 1880s

Question 40

neoclassicism

Answer 40

revival of classical Greek and Roman forms in art, music, and literature

Question 41

salon

Answer 41

official art exhibition in France, juried by members of the official French Academy

Question 42

expressionism

Answer 42

broad term that describes emotional art, most often boldly executed and making free use of distortion and symbolic or invented color

Question 43

romanticism

Answer 43

literary and artistic movement aimed at asserting the validity of subjective experience; characterized by intense emotional excitement, and depictions of powerful forces in nature, exotic lifestyles, danger, suffering and nostalgia

Question 44

impressionism

Answer 44

style of painting executed outdoors aiming to capture the light and mood of a particular moment and the transitory effects of light and color

Question 45

fauvism

Answer 45

style of painting introduced in Paris in the early 20th century, characterized by areas of bright, contrasting color and simplified shapes

Question 46

collage

Answer 46

work made by gluing various materials, such as paper scraps, photographs, and cloth, on a flat surface

Question 47

cubism

Answer 47

art style developed in Paris by Picasso and Braque, beginning in 1907, based on the simultaneous presentation of multiple views, disintegration, and geometric reconstructions of subjects in flattened, ambiguous pictorial space

Question 48

futurism

Answer 48

a group movement originating in Italy in 1909 that celebrated both natural and mechanical motion and speed

Question 49

dada

Answer 49

movement in art and literature, founded in Switzerland in the early 20th century, which ridiculed contemporary culture and conventional art

Question 50

readymade

Answer 50

concept pioneered by Dadaist Marcel Duchamp in which a common manufactured object is signed by an artist and thereby turned into an artwork

Question 51

photomontage

Answer 51

process of combining parts of various photographs in one photograph

Question 52

surrealism

Answer 52

movement in literature and the visual arts the developed in the mid-1920s based on revealing the unconscious mind in dream images and the fantastic

Question 53

automatism

Answer 53

action without conscious control, as employed by Surrealist writers and artists to allow unconscious ideas and feelings to be expressed

Question 54

constructivism

Answer 54

art movement that originated in Russia at the time of the Soviet Revolution of 1917, which emphasized abstract art, modern materials, and useful arts such as set design, furniture, and graphics

Question 55

de stijl

Answer 55

Dutch purist art movement begun during WW1 by Mondrian and others. Stands for "The Style", aimed at creating a universal language of form that would be independent of individual emotion. Visual form was pared down to primary hues plus black and white, and rectangular shapes

Question 56

international style

Answer 56

architectural styled emerged in Europe between 1910-1920. International style architects avoided applied decoration, used only modern materials (concrete, glass, steel), and arranged the masses of a building according to its inner uses.

Question 57

social realism

Answer 57

socially and politically committed form of art that become common in many countries between the two world wars and which included a retreat from the radical innovations of modern art, and the desire to communicate more readily with the public about social causes and issues

Question 58

abstract expressionism

Answer 58

art movement, primarily in painting that originated in the U.S in the 1940s in which artists worked in many different styles that emphasized spontaneous personal expression

Question 59

assemblage

Answer 59

sculpture made by assembling found or cast-off objects

Question 60

minimalism

Answer 60

nonrepresentational style of sculpture and painting that came to prominence in the middle and late 1960s, usually severely restricted in the use of visual elements and often consisting of simple geometric shapes or masses

Question 61

action painting

Answer 61

style of nonrepresentational painting that relies on the physical movement of the artist by using such gestural techniques as vigourous brushwork, dripping, and pouring

Question 62

pop art

Answer 62

style of painting and sculpture that developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s in Britain and the U.S, using mass-production techniques (such as silkscreen) or real objects in works that are generally more polished and ironic than assemblages

Question 63

conceptual art

Answer 63

trend developed in late 1960s; art form in which the originating idea and the process by which it is presented takes precedence over a tangible product

Question 64

color field painting

Answer 64

movement that grew out of Abstract Expressionism, in which large stained or painted areas, or "fields", of color evoke aesthetic and emotional responses

Question 65

performance art

Answer 65

dramatic presentation by visual artists in front of an audience, usually not in a formal theatrical setting

Question 66

earthworks

Answer 66

sculptural form made from earth, rocks, or plants, often on a vast scale and in a remote location

Question 67

postmodern

Answer 67

attitude/trend of the late 1970s-1990s; characterized in architecture by a move away from the International Style in favor of an imaginative, eclectic approach, and in the other visual arts by influence from all periods and styles and a willingness to combine elements of all